Cover of Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science
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evocacion de miguel sanchez-mazas
1. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Carlos Paris Pequeña semblanza de Miguel Sânchez-Mazas en el aniversario de su muerte
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2. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Miguel Sânchez-Mazas: 50 años de actividad científica (1946-1995)
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La bibliografía que sigue está preparada cronológicamente a partir de la dispuesta por el Prof. Miguel Sánchez-Mazas para el volumen Calculemos... Matemáticas y libertad (Homenaje a Miguel Sánchez-Mazas) -pp. 33-54-, editado por Javier Echeverría, Javier de Lorenzo y Lorenzo Peña y publicado en 1996 por la Editorial Trotta y el Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad del País Vasco. Esta última es de carácter más general e incluye, temáticamente ordenados, no sólo sus trabajos científicos sino también sus publicaciones sobre temas políticos, educativos, artísticos, culturales, económicos, sociales y humanos, así como una amplia selección de comentarios, recensiones y referencias a su obra.
articulos / articles
3. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Roberto Torretti Realismo científico y ciencia real (Scientific Realism and Scientific Practice)
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Se distingue entre 'cosas reales' en el sentido ordinario de pragmata, intrínsecamente vinculadas a la práctica de la vida, y en la acepción técnica, de inspiración teológica, en que entiende la expresión el llamado "realismo cienífico". Este concibe a la realidad como algo bien definido independientemente de la acción y el pensamiento humanos y, sin embargo, capaz de ser descrito adecuadamente en un lenguaje humano. Tras ridiculizar esta idea, el artículo examina algunos ejemplos, tomados principalmente de la teoría de la gravitación, que demuestran que la ciencia, en su práctica efectiva, busca entender la realidad en el sentido ordinario (pragmático) de la palabra, no en el sentido artificial que le dieron los teólogos del medioevo y los realistas científicos.A distinction is made between real things in their ordinary sense as pragmata -inherently linked to our living praxis- and in the technical, theologically inspired sense of so-called scientific realism. In the latter sense reality is supposed to be well-defined independently of human action and human thought, and yet to be adequately describable in human language. After pouring ridicule on this idea, the paper discusses some examples, mainly from gravitational physics, which show that in actual practice science seeks to understand reality in the ordinary (pragmatic) meaning of the word, not in the contrived meaning bestowed on it by medieval theologians and scientific realists.
4. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Juan Carlos Garcia-Bermejo Ochoa Comparaciones de aproximación a la verdad y de lejanía de la fais edad (Comparing statements by their closeness to the truth and their distance from the falsehood)
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En el artículo se caracteriza una clase de relaciones binarias para que éstas puedan representar las comparaciones de enunciados que un agente puede plantear y resolver de acuerdo con su mayor o menor grado de aproximación a la verdad. Con ello se espera poder analizar con mayor detalle el peso que puede terminar teniendo en su evaluación metodológica el grado de aproximación a la verdad de los modelos teórico-económicos. De todas formas, el propósito inmediato del artículo es el de ofrecer una propuesta más general y, sobre todo, mucho más sencilla que las presentadas en otros dos trabajos anteriores del autor. Por otra parte, el concepto de aproximación a la verdad que se maneja es diferente del vinculado con la noción poperiana de verosimilitud.In this paper, we characterize a class of binary relations to represent the comparisons which an agent can make between statements according to their degree of approximation to the truth. This class of relations, we hope, can help to analyse how much can weight the degree of approximation of economic theoretical models in their methodological assesment. In any case, the immediate purpose of the paper is to offer a proposal easier and more general than two other worked up earlier by the author. On the other hand, our concept of approximation to the truth differs from that linked with the popperian notion of verosimilitude.
5. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Jon Perez Laraudogoitia New Difficulties with 'If..Then'. The Paradox of the Businessman
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A new problem about 'if...then...' is posed which is related to Curry's paradox much as the barber's paradox parallels Russell's paradox. However, it is not obvious how to solve it.
6. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Julia Barragan A Type-Logic Approach to Refinement
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Beyond any doubt the pragmatical-based improvements introduced in the rules of inference during the process of refinement of a legal expert system may be efficient but they hardly will be capable to provide a point of reference for a more general correctness measure. During the refinement of KBSLEX the debate of the Theory of Legal Argument has contributed to illuminate the point suggesting that the modeling of legal reasoning and legal decision making should be grounded on a logical approach but without limiting itself to the tools of the classical logic.
7. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
José Juan Moreso, Pablo E. Navarro Verdad y eficacia (Truth and Effectiveness)
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Una forma clásica de explicar el significado de una oración es establecer sus condiciones deverdad. Sin embargo, dado que sólo las oraciones declarativas encajan con este tipo de análisis, las oraciones (e.g. imperativas) que carecen de valor de verdad quedan fuera de este análisis. Con el objeto de evitar esta dificultad, algunas veces se ha sugerido que el cumplimiento de un imperativo les el valor semántico de I, y que este valor depende del concepto de verdad. En este artículo, explicamos esta sugerencia mediante un lenguaje artificial: el lenguaje LN. Nuestra propuesta consiste en suministrar una reconstrucción del concepto de eficacia a partir de la relación de cumplimiento, analógamente a la reconstrucción del concepto de verdad a partir de la relación de satisfacción. Nuestras conclusiones principales son las siguientes: 1) el significado de una oración imperativa es establecido por sus condiciones de eficacia y 2) esta teoría del significado de los imperativos suministra una base semántica, adeucada para la lógica deóntica.A classical way of explaining the meaning of certain sentences is to establish their truth-conditions. However, since only declarative sentences fit this kind of analysis, sentences (e.g. imperatives) which lack truth-value remain outside the theory of meaning. In order to avoid this difficulty, it is sometimes suggested both that compliance with an imperative I is the semantic value of I, and that this value is dependent on the concept of truth. In this article, we explain this suggestion with the help of a constructed language: the artificial language NL. Our proposal Is to provide a reconstruction of the concept of effectiveness from the relation of compliance, on the analogy of the reconstruction of the concept of truth from the relation of satisfaction. Our main conclusions are: 1) the meaning of a imperative sentence would be established by its effectiveness-conditions and 2) this theory of meaning of imperatives would provide a semantic basis, suitable to the deontic logic.
8. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Jesus Ezquerro, Mauricio Iza Knowledge Representation, Reflexive Reasoning and Discourse Processing
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Classical approaches such as frames, scripts,... have been unable to deal with the kind of inferences necessary in natural language processing situations such as text comprehension. Shastri & Ajjanagadde (1993), proposed a local connectionist model for the sort of reasoning requiring such a fast inference. The problem with this system is that it controls only the adequacy of argument- fillers, leaving untouched the activation control issue, namely, why we perform certain inferences, and not others, in a given situation. The aim of this paper is to examine how a focus, in the sense of Grosz (1981). could operate as a theoretic constraint with the above reasoner system to handle two aspects: inference control and anaphora resolution (i.e., antecedent activation), during text understanding.
9. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Begona Vicente Cruz, Pablo Rodriguez Gutierrez La modalidad en el lenguaje natural: consideraciones lógicas y pragmáticas (Modality in natural language: logical and pragmaticconsiderations)
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Nuestro objetivo es mostrar que una caracterización adecuada de las locuciones modales del lenguaje natural depende fundamentalmente de una correcta descripción de sus propiedades lógicas. Mostramos cómo los análisis escalares en pragmática fracasan porque siguen la lógica modal estándar al tratarlos como operadores preposicionales. Esto produce contradicciones, ya que, en sentido estricto, el estatus lógico de la locución modal es el mismo que el de la proposición simple. Estas expresiones invocan la presencia del hablante y la evidencia que respalda a su afirmación, y tienen por lo tanto un carácter eminentemente deíctico/pragmático.It is our aim in this article to show that an adequate characterization of the interpretation of modally qualified utterances in natural language depends crucially on a correct description of their logical properties. We show that pragmatic analyses in terms of scales fail because they rely on the standard treatment of these expressions in modal logic as operators, and this makes the wrong predictions since, in a strict sense, the logical status of the modally- qualified utterance is the same as that of the bare proposition. We argue that these expressions directly invoke the presence of the speaker and act as indexes to sets of assumptions s/he is relying on as evidence for his/her assertion.
10. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Manuel Garcia Serrano Yo e identidad personal (Self and Personal Identity)
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En mi artículo esbozo una teoría de base psicológica de la identidad personal. En oposición a ciertas otras conocidas teorías que, análogamente, subrayan la relevancia de alguna "continuidad psicológica" para la configuración de una tal identidad, mi teoría se funda en una firme ontología de la primera persona, articulada en un reflexivo marco unificador que deja espacio, no obstante, a puntuales omisiones y discontinuidades de la memoria y a inopinados cambios estructurales de conciencia. Intento justificar que esta ontología no presupone en cualquier caso un Yo sustancial, semántico, sino un mero Yo sintáctico y ejecutivo.In this paper I outline a theory about personal identity on a psychological basis. In contrast to well-known theories that stress in an analogous way the significance of a psychological continuity for the configuration of such an identity, my theory is founded on an ontology of the first person within a reflexive framework that allows incidental omissions and discontinuities of memory, as well as unexpected structural changes of consciousness. I try, further, to justify that this ontology does not presuppose a substantial, semantical Self, but just a sintactical and performative one.
fe de erratas
11. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Victor Sanchez de Zavala Towards a less simple but sounder (psychological) Pragmatics I, II, III & IV
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in memoriam
12. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Roberto J. Vernengo In memoriam Carlos Eduardo Alchourrón
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13. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Javier de Lorenzo In memoriam Vicente Muñoz Delgado
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recensiones / book reviews
14. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Juan Bautista Bengoetxea Polish Scientific Philosophy: The Lvov-Warsaw School
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15. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
José Francisco Martinez Solano The Myth of the Framework. In Defense of Science and Rationality
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16. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Marek Polański Idealization VIl. Structuralism, Idealization and Approximation
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17. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Agustín Gonzalez Ruiz Geschichte und Struktur der klassischen Genetik
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18. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
José Manuel de Cozar Filosofía de la Ciencia
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19. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Javier Echeverria Knowledge, Society and Reality
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20. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 11 > Issue: 2
Jesús P. Zamora Bonilla Introducción a las comparaciones de confianza
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