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Philosophy in the Contemporary World

Volume 12, Issue 1, Spring/Summer 2005
Interpretation and Culture: Themes in the Philosophy of Michael Krausz

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1. Philosophy in the Contemporary World: Volume > 12 > Issue: 1
Michael McKenna Introduction
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2. Philosophy in the Contemporary World: Volume > 12 > Issue: 1
Peter Lamarque Object, Work, and Interpretation
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The paper offers an overview of, and critical comments on, Michael Krausz’s Limits of Rightness. It focuses on three key aspects of the book’s intellectual framework: the ideals of interpretation, the objects of interpretation, and the ontological commitments of interpretation. The paper discusses how exactly these aspects are related Krausz’s views on constructive realism, in particular its relation to objects of interpretation, become crucial. His comments on Paul Thom’s theory of interpretations provide a context for examining the role of ‘construction’ in objects per se and in works of art and a tripartite distinction between object, work and interpretation is proposed.
3. Philosophy in the Contemporary World: Volume > 12 > Issue: 1
Noel E. Boulting In Defence of a ‘Three-Tiered Structure’ Within the Interpretative Process
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An account of what Michael Krausz refers to as “a three tiered structure” within the interpretative process is defended. Starting with the employment of Peircian nomenclature, as employed by Joseph Margolis, artworks and persons - cultural entities - are distinguished from physical entities as tokens of types. But even if culturally emergent entities con be attributed to certain physical atributes in relation to their materiality at the first level of interpretation - the elucidatory - in which such culturally emergent properties are embodied, cultural entities possess certain distinctive Intentional attributes, at a second level of interpretation - thc intentional - not assignable to purely physical properties nor, in the case of artworks such as Van Gogh’s The Potato Eaters, their creator’s intentions. But in order to make sense of Krausz’s notion of “aspectual reverberation” for an individual appreciator, a third level of interpretation is required - the elaborative - in order to make sense of Peirce’s notion not only of the type and token status of a work of art, but its tone, This third elaborative sense of interpretation is then considered in two ways: experientially in terms of what the spectator can bring to an appreciation of an artwork and performatively with respect to an artist’s interpretation of the work in performance, as in dance for example. Possible attacks on this position are then considered.
4. Philosophy in the Contemporary World: Volume > 12 > Issue: 1
Philip Benesch Singularism and Multiplism in the Work of Karl Popper
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In this article I argue that Karl Popper embraced a muitiplist approach to ethics, politics, history, and cultural practices. Although Popper combined metaphysical realism with a hermeneutic approach that had the potential to support a multiplist philosophy of science, a commitment to verisimilitude and to the identification of universal laws required him to adopt a singularist approach to natural science. I suggest, therefore, that Michael Krausz’ description of Popper as a singularist should be qualified’ that Popper’s philosophy of natural science may be identified with singularism but that recognition should be afforded to his multiplist approach to other fields.
5. Philosophy in the Contemporary World: Volume > 12 > Issue: 1
Arati Barua Schopenhauer and Krausz on Objects of Interpretation
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The paper is intended as a study in the philosophy of interpretation of Michael Krausz in relation to the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer. The idea is to throw some new lights on Schopenhauer’s philosophy by critically examining thc works of Schopenhauer in the light of Krausz’s philosophy of interpretation. We shall examine the extent to which Krausz’s philosophy of interpretation could provide a framework of interpretation of the more or less enigmatic parts of constructive realism in Schopenhauer’s The World As Will and Representation and On the Fourfold Root. In particular, I have discussed in my paper the specific problems of (i) bridging the gulf between the object-as-such and the object-of-interpretation in Krausz’s philosophy and (ii) the Will and the Representation in Schopenhauer’s philosophy.
6. Philosophy in the Contemporary World: Volume > 12 > Issue: 1
Nancy A. Weston Rightness, Ontology, and the Adjudication of Truth: Modern Legal Thought and the Project of Determining Rightness
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The article reflects upon Michael Krausz’s account of contemporary debates between singularity and pluralism in the determination ofrightness, and uses that occasion to ask after the larger course of which these debates are a part. Looking to the companion effort to determine truth and rightness at law, it finds telling echoes of those debates in the modem history of legal thought, and sketches that history to the end of drawing out its implications for the project at determining rightness more generally. These sobering implications, itsuggests, call us to rethink the question of the relation of rightness to ontology.
7. Philosophy in the Contemporary World: Volume > 12 > Issue: 1
Susrut Ray Imputational Interpretation and Evolution of the Self
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The paper develops a view of interpretative cultural practice as a complex system of dynamically changing constituents which stand in definite relations to one another. These constituents are the Object of Interpretation (O), Result of Interpretation or interpretation itself (I), the Process of interpretation (P) and the interpreting Subject (S). It is argued that if such a view as this is adapted, ‘singularism’ as a norm for cultural practices necessarily gives way to ‘multiplism’. Singularism and multiplism are terms used by Michael Krausz in Rightness and Reasons (1993). Krausz also talks of certain interpretative practices as imputational, in the sense that the object of interpretation changes, is ‘imputed upon’ during the course of the practice. This paper contends that all cultural practices are imputalional, for each such practice leaves its effect on the object. Not only does practice affect the object, but it affects the subject too The evolution of the subject, the self, through imputational interpretative cultural practices is explored as a major element in the making of a human individual.
8. Philosophy in the Contemporary World: Volume > 12 > Issue: 1
Manjula Saxena Krausz on Interpretation in Music
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This paper suggests certain differences between the interpretation of Indian classical music and the interpretation of Western classical music. In Indian music the work is constituted in the moment of a recital. The performer is the maker of the music. Accordingly, the performer simultaneously produces a work and interprets it. Further, in the Indian tradition. music is a path of “bhakti yoga,” or a path of devotion.
9. Philosophy in the Contemporary World: Volume > 12 > Issue: 1
Hans Günter Dosch Interpretation of Musical Harmony
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In this contribution, a scientific interpretation of musical harmony is understood as a description in an adequate frame of symbolic forms (in the sense of Cassirer), rather than as a final explanation. I describe different interpretations of musical harmony from the time of the Pythagoreans until the present times. It is noted that a symbolic interpretation of Helmholtz (in the sense of his theory of signs), which was criticized as incomplete by Ernst Mach, is recognized as adequate by Arnold Schönberg.
10. Philosophy in the Contemporary World: Volume > 12 > Issue: 1
Hans Poser The Interpretation of Technology
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The central thesis of this paper is that technological artifacts essentially depend on a special type of interpretation. Starting fom thedifference between science and engineering on the one side and between artifacts of fine arts and technological artifacts on the other side, it is shown that the latter ones need a ‘teleological interpretation’ which is singular and excludes a multitude of interpretations.
11. Philosophy in the Contemporary World: Volume > 12 > Issue: 1
Rajendra K. Saxena, Anita Sheoran, Giridhari L. Pandit How Not to Interpret the Advances of Biotechnology
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The authors suggest that it is the indeterminate limits of biotechnology that invite a multiplicity of interpretations of it. They note that incongruent interpretations of biotechnology arise from competing long-term human interests and from competing uses of language. They propose to resolve the opposition between incongruent interpretations by being more precise about what exactly is being debated in the name of biotechnology.
12. Philosophy in the Contemporary World: Volume > 12 > Issue: 1
Michael Krausz Replies: Interpretation and Codes of Culture
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13. Philosophy in the Contemporary World: Volume > 12 > Issue: 1
Contributors
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