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1. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
Athanassius Raftopoulos, Vincent Muller Nonconceptual Demonstrative Reference
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The paper argues that the reference of perceptual demonstratives is fixed in a causal nondescriptive way through the nonconceptual content of perception. That content consists first in spatiotemporal information establishing the existence of a separate persistent object retrieved from a visual scene by the perceptual object segmentation processes that open an object-file for that object. Nonconceptual content also consists in other transducable information, that is, information that is retrieved directly in a bottom-up way from the scene (motion, shape, etc). The non conceptual content of the mental states induced when one uses a perceptual demonstrative constitutes the mode of presentation of the perceptual demonstrative that individuates but does not identify the object of perceptual awareness and allows reference to it. On that account, perceptual demonstratives put us in a de re relationship with objects in the world through the nonconceptual information retrieved directly from the objects in the environment.
2. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
Hannah Ginsborg Reasons for Belief
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Davidson claims that nothing can count as a reason for a belief except another belief. This claim is challenged by McDowell, who holds that perceptual experiences can count as reasons for beliefs. I argue that McDowell fails to take account of a distinction between two different senses in which something can count as a reason for belief. While a non-doxastic experience can count as a reason for belief in one of the two senses, this is not the sense which is presupposed in Davidson's claim. While I focus on McDowell's view, the argument generalizes to other views which take experiences as reasons for belief.
3. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
Seiriol Morgan Naturalism and Normativity
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Synthetic naturalism is a form of moral realism which holds that we can discover a posteriori that moral properties exist and are natural properties. On this view moral discourse earns the right to be construed realistically because it meets the conditions that license realism about any discourse, that properties it represents as existing pull their weight in empirical explanations of our observations of the world. I argue that naturalism is an inadequate metaphysics of moral value, because parallel arguments to those used by the naturalist to establish the reality of 'moral' properties and their normativity for persons of sympathetic temperament can be constructed, which would equally demonstrate the reality of normatively antagonistic value properties, and their normativity for differently psychologically constituted agents Since moral discourse implicitly denies that there are such diverse and competing normative truths the strategy fails toestablish moral realism.
4. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
Roy Sorensen Spinning Shadows
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If a spinning sphere casts a shadow, does the shadow also spin? This riddle is the point of departure for an investigation into the nature of shadow movement. A general theory of motion will encompass all moving things, not just physical objects. Ultimately, I argue that round shadows do indeed spin. Shadows are followers of the objects that cast them. Parts of the shadow correspond to parts of the leader, so motion of the caster's parts accounts for motions of the shadow's parts. I conclude with a discussion of how the dynamic aspects of shadows impose subtle constraints on other puzzles about shadows.
5. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
Finn Spicer Epistemic Intuitions and Epistemic Contextualism
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In this paper I examine the way appeals to pretheoretic intuition are used to support epistemological theses in general and the thesis of epistemic contextualism in particular. After outlining the sceptical puzzle and the contextualist's resolution of that puzzle, I explore the question of whether this solution fits better with our intuitive take on the puzzle than its invariantist rivals. I distinguish two kinds of fit a theory might have with pretheoretic intuitions-accommodation and explanation, and consider whether achieving either kind of fit would be a virtue for a theory. I then examine how contextualism could best claim to accommodate and explain our intuitions, building the best case that I can for contextualism, but concluding that there is no reason to accept contextualism either in the way it accommodates nor the way it explains our intuitions about the sceptical puzzle.
6. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
Rafael De Clercq Presentism and the Problem of Cross-Time Relations
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Presentism is the view that only present entities exist. Recently, several authors have asked the question whether presentism is able to account for cross-time relations, i.e., roughly, relations between entities existing at different times. In this paper I claim that this question is to be answered in the affirmative. To make this claim plausible, I consider four types of cross-time relation and show how each can be accommodated without difficulty within the metaphysical framework of presentism.
7. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
Jeff Jordan Does Skeptical Theism Lead to Moral Skepticism?
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The evidential argument from evil seeks to show that suffering is strong evidence against theism. The core idea of the evidential argument is that we know of innocent beings suffering for no apparent good reason. Perhaps the most common criticism of the evidential argument comes from the camp of skeptical theism, whose lot includes William Alston, Alvin Plantinga, and Stephen Wykstra. According to skeptical theism the limits of human knowledge concerning the realm of goods, evils, and the connections between values, undermines the judgment that what appears as pointless evil really is pointless. For all we know the suffering of an innocent being, though appearing pointless, in fact leads to a greater good. In this paper I argue that no one who accepts the doctrines of skeptical theism has a principled way of avoiding moral skepticism.
book symposium
8. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
S. L. Hurley Précis of Justice, Luck, and Knowledge
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9. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
Gary Watson The Problematic Role of Responsibility in Contexts of Distributive Justice
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10. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
Peter Vallentyne Hurley on Justice and Responsibility
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11. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
G. A. Cohen Luck and Equality: A Reply to Hurley
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12. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
S. L. Hurley Replies
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review essay
13. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
E. J. Lowe Powerful Particulars: Review Essay on John Heil’s From an Ontological Point of View
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critical notices
14. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
Michael Pelczar Words without Meaning
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15. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
Gerald Vision Conceptions of Truth
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16. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
D. M. Armstrong Powers: A Study in Metaphysics
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17. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
Uriah Kriegel Externalism: Putting Mind and World Back Together Again
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18. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
Kirk Ludwig Reference and Consciousness
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19. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
Valerie Tiberius Virtue Ethics: A Pluralistic View
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20. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research: Volume > 72 > Issue: 2
Recent Publications
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