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NTU Philosophical Review:
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2005 >
Issue: 30
王曉 波
Hsiao-Po Wang
自道以至名,自名以至法 ── 尹文子的哲學與思想研究
Dao leads to Ming, Ming leads to Fa──Studies of Yin Win Zi's Philosophy and Thought
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自唐銊、羅根澤判定《尹文子》為「偽書」後,《尹文子》 乏人研究,但據晚近學者研究,今本《尹文子》即劉向所見之《尹 文子》,其內容亦與先秦諸子所論述之尹文子思想主張一致,《尹 文子》思想內容涉及道、名、法,正是劉向所言:「自道以至名, 自名以至法;以名為根,以法為柄。」並反映戰國初期,由宗法 封建過渡到法治專制的政治社會的思想。他以道家自然主義論形 名,以形名論建立其法治論,開啟了後代法家刑名法術的先河。他的形名論保留了中國邏輯史豐富的史料,並區別了「名」、「分」 及「名」、「稱」的不同,影響了後來的名家;他主張的「萬事皆 歸於一,百度皆準於法」,更是後來法家韓非所奉為圭臬者。
Scholars indifference to Yin Win Zi were affected by the conclusion of Tang Yue and Luo Gen Zhe, that is, one "book of dubious author". Yet studies of Scholars nowadays pointed out that the Yin Win Zi we read today is the same of what Liu Xiang of Han Dynasty read, and its contents is the same of the thought of Yin Win Zi introduced by scholars of Xian Qin. Dao (Way), Ming (Names), Fa (Law) in Yin Win Zi are exactly what Liu Xiang commented: " Dao leads to Ming, Ming leads to Fa, Ming is fundamental, and Fa means of governing." It reflects the political and social thoughts of Early Warring States Period, corresponding with the transitional period of society of patriarchal, feudal to that of autocracy of law. His argument on Xing (Forms), Ming (Names) based on Daoist's Naturalism, his governing by law based on his theory of Xing and Ming. It's the foundation Yin Win Zi established on which later Legalist School of Xing, Ming and Fa expounded their arguments. His arguments on Xing, Ming is the main sources of historical material of Chinese Logic History. The difference between Ming (Names) and Feng (Duties),between Ming and Cheng (Agreement) he pointed out affected later Legalist School. "All things ends in one, all rules bases on law." Those view of his became criteria to later Legalists Han Fei.
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NTU Philosophical Review:
Year >
2005 >
Issue: 30
孫效 智
Johannes Sun Hsiao-chih
生殖性人類複製的安全風險與個體獨特性問題
Ethical Issues of Safety and Individuality in Reproductive Human Cloning
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當複製實驗的腳步以飛快速度向前奔馳時,人們最感到困惑 與憂慮的問題是:「人類複製」的研究與發展本身是否會涉及某 些嚴重的倫理問題?而當「人類複製」成為事實時,它對於人類 的倫理、法律及社會又會產生怎樣的衝擊?這些問題的探討隨著 各國或明或暗地競逐胚胎幹細胞研究及人類複製研究的事實,已 經愈來愈形迫切。本文的探討將集中在生殖性人類複製 (reproductive human cloning)的兩個倫理議題,亦即安全風險與 個體獨特性所涉及的倫理問題。文分六部分,首先簡單介紹人類複製的議題背景,接下來說明本文的議題範圍及方法論,第三部 分指出反對與贊成生殖性人類複製的各種倫理論據。第四與第五 部分則將討論焦點放在安全風險與個體獨特性所引伸出來的倫 理議題。最後則做一簡短結論。
The dramatic progress of experiments on cloning raises many perplexing and worrisome issues: Is the step from Dolly to human a fiction never coming true or will it be made possible in the near future? If it becomes reality, what impacts would it bring about in the ethical, legal and social dimensions? These issues become more andmore urgent after the Korean scientists successfully applied the technique of SCNT to reproduce cloned human blastocysts in the year of 2004. This article focuses on two significant ethical issues of reproductive human cloning, i.e. the problems of safety and individual uniqueness. I firstly clarify the objective facts related to the ethical judgments of reproductive human cloning. Secondly, I define the issues to be explored and present my methodology. Thirdly I will introduce the fundamental ethical positions underlyingvarious arguments for and against reproductive human cloning. And then, in the fourth and fifth parts of the article, I will deal separately with the problems of safety and individuality.
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NTU Philosophical Review:
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2005 >
Issue: 30
Francisco Calvo Garzón
Francisco Calvo Garzón
Game-Theoretical Semantics and Referential Inscrutability
賽局理論語意學與指涉之 不可測度說
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This paper consists of two parts. First, (i) I shall consider two defences of Quine´s polemical Thesis of the Inscrutability of Reference put forward by Hookway (1988), and Calvo Garzón (2000a; 2000b), respectively. Then, (ii) I shall consider an extension of Quine´s succinct behavioural criteria of Radical Translationsuggested by Hintikka´s Game-Theoretical Semantics (1973; 1976). I shall argue that Hintikka´s semantics suggest behavioural criteria which we can use to constrain perverse semantic theories. In particular, I shall try to show that whilst Hintikka´s behavioural data tells against Hookway´s proposal, it reveals, nonetheless, a reason as to why my proposed perverse semantic theory enjoys the same priviledged status that a standard semantic theory is supposed toenjoy.
此篇論文有兩部分,第一,我將討論分別由Hookway 及Calvo Garzon 所提出對Quine 的指涉之不可測度說的兩個辯護。第二, 我將討論Hintikka 的賽局理論語意學如何延伸Quine 徹底翻譯之 行為判准。我將論證,Hintikka 語意學所提出的行為判准將可限 制不當的語意理論。尤其是,我將說明儘管Hintikka 的行為與料 不符Hookway 的方案,它仍說明了為什麼我所謂的不當語意理 論享有一般語意理論所享有的特權地位。
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NTU Philosophical Review:
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2005 >
Issue: 30
Aysel Doğan
Aysel Doğan
The Principle of Alternative Possibilities and Causal Determination
其他可能性原則與因果決定論
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Some compatibilists believe that the principle of alternative possibilities has been shown to be false by Frankfurt-style arguments, and this gives way to the compatibility of causal determination with moral responsibility. Those incompatibilists who defend the principle of alternative possibilities, on the other hand, insist on the truth of the principle and on the incompatibility of causal determination with moral responsibility. In this article, I argue that Frankfurt-stylecounterexamples are unsuccessful in indicating the falsity of the principle of alternative possibilities, and yet this failure is inconclusive to prove the correctness of incompatibilism. In fact, the principle of alternative possibilities is, I show, compatible with causal determination and thus with compatibilism on a specificunderstanding of determinism and compatibilism.
有些相容論者相信其他可能性原則已為Frankfurt 的反例所 駁斥,而這讓支持因果決定與道德責任為相容的相容論者有機可 乘。但捍衛其他可能性原則的不相容論者則堅持此原則,以及因 果決定與道德責任的不相容性。在此篇論文中,我將論證 Frankfurt 的反例無法指出其他可能性的錯誤,但這不會導致不相 容論的成立。事實上,我將證明,在一種對決定論與相容論的理 解下,其他可能性原則與因果決定論及相容論者是相容的。
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