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1. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Francisco Salto, José M. Méndez Two Extensions of Lewis’ S3 with Peirce’s Law
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We define two extensions of Lewis’ S3 with two versions of Peirce’s Law. We prove that both of them have the Ackermann Property.
2. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Javier Vilanova Un análisis dei concepto de cognoscibilidad desde la semántica de mundos posibles (An Analysis of the Notion of Knowability in the F ield of Possible Worlds Semantics)
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Las nociones epistémicas modales se definen como aquellos conceptos epistémicos que, como el de cognoscibilidad o el de indudabilidad, incluyen una nota modal. Segun se defiende en este trabajo, la semántica de mundos posibles y algunas de sus extensiones (especialmente las llevadas a cabo para logica temporal, logica epistemica y logica condicional) son instrumentos adecuados para deshacer el nudo de las intensionalidades superpuestas en estas nociones especialmente esquivas al análisis. Para mostrarlo, se proporcionan una serie de análisis sucesivos de la nocion de cognoscibilidad que a partir de una interpretación naif van salvando una serie de presuposiciones, problemas y paradojas hasta dar con una analisis que se presume satisfactorio.“Modal epistemic notions” are those epistemic concepts which in some way or another has a modal element. These modal epistemic notions, although they could appear intuitively clear, they turn out to be particularly obscure, slippery, when one subjects them to a formal analysis. In this paper we will try to show that possible world semantics (and its extensions for epistemic, temporal and conditional logic) is an appropriate instrument for the explanation ofthese notions. Four successive analysis of the notion of “knowability” are given, ranging from a naive account to an analysis that gets to the bottom ofthe problem.
3. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Manuel A. SeIlés Isaac Newton y el infinitesimal (Isaac Newton’s Infinitesimals)
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A través de una reconstrucción de la evolución de su pensamiento, en este artículo se estudia la utilización de infinitesimales por parte de Newton. Se distingue entre dos concepciones sucesivas de lo que denominó momento. A la primera de estas entidades la caracterizó como un infinitesimal, pero a la segunda (un indivisible generador de magnitudes finitas, que interviene en su método de las primeras y últimas razones) no la consideró como tal. Se entiende así su manifestación de rechazo a los infinitesimales, formulada en una segunda etapa, y se ve que las dudas arrojadas por algunos investigadores sobre la veracidad de tal manifestación se deben a una determinada interpretación de esta última concepción de momento.This paper discusses Newton’s recourse to infinitesimals through the reconstruction of the evolution of his thought. Two successive concepts of what he termed “moment” are told apart. The first of those entities was characterized by him as an infinitesimal, while the second -an indivisible generating finite magnitudes, present in his method of first and last reasons- was not considered such an entity. This move makes understandable his express rejection of infinitesimals in the second stage, and exposes the doubts of some scholars about the sincerity of Newton’s rejection as due to a peculiar interpretation of his last concept of “moment”.
4. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Jesús P. Zamora Bonilla The Elementary Economics of Scientific Consensus
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The scientist’s decision of accepting a given proposition is assumed to be dependent on two factors: the scientist’s ‘private’ information about the value of that statement and the proportion of colleagues who also accept it. This interdependence is modelled in an economic fashion, and it is shown that it may lead to multiple equilibria. The main conclusions are that the evolution of scientific knowledge can be path-dependent, that scientific revolutions can be due to very small changes in the empirical evidence, and that not all possible equilibria are necessarily efficient, neither in the economic nor in the epistemic sense. These inefficiencies, however, can be eliminated if scientists can form coalitions.
5. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Olimpia Lombardi EI fin de la omnisciencia: la respuesta de Prigogine al problema de la irreversibilidad (The End of Omniscience: Prigogine’s Answer to the Problem of Irreversibility)
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Prigogine afirma que, en presencia de alta inestabilidad (caos), los estados puntuales y las trayectorias lineales en el espacio de las fases se convierten en una falsa idealización. En el presente trabajo se sostiene que: (i) los argumentos de Prigogine en favor de tal tesis no son concluyentes, y (ii) hay buenas razones para retener la postulacion de estados puntuales y trayectorias lineales, en tanto conceptos teóricos legítimos en mecánica estadística.Prigogine asserts that the existence of radical instability (chaos) makes the postulation of pointlike states and linelike trajectories in phase space a false idealization. In this paper we argue that (i) Prigogine’s arguments for this claim are not conclusive, and (ii) there are good reasons for retain the positing of pointlike states and linelike trajectories as a legitimate theoretical posit in statistical mechanics.
6. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Agustín Vicente Sobredeterminación causal mente-cuerpo (Mind-Body Causal Overdetermination)
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Jaegwon Kim ha actualizado y resumido el problema cartesiano de la causación mental en tres ideas en conflicto: el principio deI cierre causal deI mundo fisico, la eficacia causal de la mente, y el principio de exclusión causal-explicativa (PEE). Este último principio nos dice que no puede haber dos causas/explicaciones causales que sean ambas completas e independientes para un evento determinado, salvo en casos de sobredeterminación. Aunque la forma habitual de afrontar este problema de exclusión es buscar una relación de dependencia entre las propiedades físicas y las mentales, algunosfilósofos mantienen que puede tratarse de un caso de sobredeterminación. En este artículo, analizo la posibilidad de que esto sea así.Jaegwon Kim has very nicely updated and summed up Descartes’ problem of mental causation in three conflicting ideas: the principle of the causal closure of the physical, the causal efficacy of the mental, and the principle of the causal-explanatory exclusion (PEE). This last principle tells us that there cannot be two causes/causal explanations that are both complete and independent for one event, excpt in eases of overdetermination. Though the usual way to this exclusion problem is look for a dependency relation between mental and physical properties, some philosophers hold it can be a case of overdetermination. In this paper, I analyze the chances that this could be so.
notas
7. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
María José Guerra Bioética y género: problemas y controversias (Bioethics and Gender: Problems and Controversies)
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Este artículo presenta las difíciles relaciones entre perspectivas atentas al género y la bioetica. Tanto la ética como la ciencia, y en concreto la medicina, han sido objetadas desde enfoques feministas con el fin de revelar su sesgo androcéntrico. La bioética, no obstante, hasta hace bien poco, se ha mostrado reticente a considerar como categoría analítica el factor genero. Aludimos aquí a las causas de este desencuentro así como, posteriormente, a las posibilidades abiertas por una bioética feminista.This paper focuses on the difficult relationship between bioethics and gender. Ethics and science, especially medicine, have been rejected from feminist perspectives revealing the androcentric bias. Bioethics, nevertheless, has resisted the option of consider gender as an analytic category. We point out the reasons of this resistance and also the open possibilities ofan feminist bioethics.
recensiones
8. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Adolfo García de la Sienra Fundamentos de filosofía de la ciencia
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9. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Daniel Quesada Teoria del Coneixement
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10. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Antonio Diéguez Structuring the World: The Issue of Realism and the Nature of Ontological Problems in Classical and Contemporary Pragmatism
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11. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Juan José Acero Manifesto of a Passionate Moderate
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12. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Aitor Sorreluz The Mangle of Practice: Time, Agency, and Science
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13. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Antonio Diéguez El pensamiento de L. Laudan: Relaciones entre Historia de la Ciencia y Filosofía de la Ciencia
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14. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Josep Plá La Matemática: de sus fundamentos y crisis
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15. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Francisco Rodríguez Consuegra El Paraíso de Cantor: La tradición conjuntista en la filosofía matemática
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libros recibidos
16. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Libros recibidos / Books Received
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cronicas y proximas reuniones
17. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Consrirución de Ia Cátedra Miguel Sánchez-Mazas de Ia Universidad deI País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitea
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18. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Agenda / Notebook
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sumario
19. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
SUMARIO ANALITICO / SUMMARY
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contents
20. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 14 > Issue: 3
Boletín de suscripción / Order Form
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