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Environmental Ethics:
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NEWS AND NOTES (1)
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Environmental Ethics:
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On Reading Environmental Ethics
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Environmental Ethics:
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Bill Devall, George Sessions
The Development of Nature Resources and the Integrity of Nature
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During the twentieth century, John Muir’s ideas of “righteous management” were eclipsed by Gifford Pinchot’s anthropocentric scientific management ideas conceming the conservation and development of Nature as a human resource. Ecology as a subversive science, however, has now undercut the foundations of this resource conservation and development ideology. Using the philosophical principles of deepecology, we explore a contemporary version of Muir’s “righteous management” by developing the ideas of holistic management and ecosystem rehabilitation.
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Bruce V. Foltz
On Heidegger and the Interpretation of Environmental Crisis
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Through an examination of the thought of Martin Heidegger, I argue that the relation between human beings and the natural environment can be more radically comprehended by critically examining the character of the relation itself with regard to how it has been shaped and articulated by the tradition ofWestern metaphysics, particularly in light of the manner in which this tradition contains the central presuppositions of both modern natural science as weIl as contemporary technology. I conclude with an examination of a “deconstructive analysis” of the concept of nature that has dominated Western philosophy; with a delineation of an alternative understanding of the environment, that is nevertheless deeply rooted in the Western tradition; and with a proposal that the present “environmental crisis” ultimately derives not from certain Judeo-Christian “values,” as it is commonly claimed, but from the initial metaphysical orientation of early Greek philosophy.
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Environmental Ethics:
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Ariel Kay Salleh
Deeper than Deep Ecology:
The Eco-Feminist Connection
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I offer a feminist critique of deep ecology as presented in the seminal papers of Naess and Devall. I outline the fundamental premises involved and analyze their internal coherence. Not only are there problems on logical grounds, but the tacit methodological approach of the two papers are inconsistent with the deep ecologists’ own substantive comments. I discuss these shortcomings in terms of a broader feminist critique of patriarchal culture and point out some practical and theoretical contributions which eco-feminism can make to a genuinely deep ecology problematic.
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Environmental Ethics:
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Environmental Ethics:
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Steven S. Schwarzschild
The Unnatural Jew
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I argue that Judaism and Jewish culture have paradigmatically and throughout history operated with a fundamental dichotomy between nature (“what is”) and ethics (i.e., God and man-“what ought to be”). Pagan ontologism, on the other hand, and the Christian synthesis of biblical transcendentalism and Greek incamationism result in human and historical submission to what are acclaimed as “natural forces.” Although in the history of Jewish culture such a heretical, quasi-pantheistic tendency asserted itself, first in mediaeval kabbalism and then in modem Zionism, from a traditional Jewish standpoint nature remains subject to humanly enacted ends. Evidence for this general thesis can be found in biblical, Talmudic, medieval philosophic, and mystical literature, in modem religious, poetic, and Zionist literature, and in the history of general philosophy.
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book reviews |
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Environmental Ethics:
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C. Dyke
Corporation and the Environment:
How Should Decisions be Made?
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Environmental Ethics:
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NEWS AND NOTES (3)
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book reviews |
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Environmental Ethics:
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Thomas E. Hill, Jr.
Environmental Philosophy:
A Collection of Readings
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David Lamb
Ethics and Animals
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comment |
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Environmental Ethics:
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Richard A. Watson
A Note on Deep Ecology
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index |
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Environmental Ethics:
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INDEX
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referees |
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Environmental Ethics:
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REFEREES 1984
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Environmental Ethics:
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NEWS AND NOTES (1)
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Environmental Ethics:
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Susan Power Bratton
Christian Ecotheology and the Old Testament
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Because of its theocentric nature and the dispersion of relevant passages, the Old Testament presentation of creation theology is frequently misunderstood. I investigate the works of modem Old Testament scholars, particularly Walther Eichrodt, Gerhard von Rad, and Claus Westermann, in regard to the theology of creation. Using principles of analysis suggested by Gerhard Hasel, I discuss how the Old Testament portrays God as acting in both the original creation and post-Genesis events. The role of God as creator is not independent ofother major Old Testament themes, such as God the savior. God’s care for creation continues as does his blessing.
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NEWS AND NOTES (2)
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Environmental Ethics:
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Rita C. Manning
Air Pollution:
Group and Individual Obligations
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The individual motorist often defends his unwillingness to change his driving habits in the face of air pollution by pointing out that a change in his actions would be insignificant. The environmentalist responds by asking what would happen if everyone did change. In this paper I defend the environmentalist’s response. I argue that we can appeal to the following principle to defend both group and individual obligations to clean up air: if the consequences of everyone doing aare undesirable, then each and every one ought to do was he can to prevent the undesirable consequences.
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Environmental Ethics:
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NEWS AND NOTES (3)
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Environmental Ethics:
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William K. Hartmann
Space Exploration and Environmental Issues
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New discoveries about materials and solar energy raise the possibility of a long-tenn shift of mining, refining, and manufacturing from Earth’s surface to locations outside Earth’s ecosphere, allowing Earth to begin to relax back toward its natural state. A little-discussed ambivalence toward the potential of space exploration exists among environmentalists. One camp sees it as a human adventure that may allow a bold initiative to improve Earth; another camp shies away from “heavy technology” and thus distrusts efforts as massive as space exploration or utilization. Due to impending resource depletion on Earth, we may have only until the mid-twenty-first century to pursue the promising potential of space exploration to alleviate environmental problems of Earth. Subsequently, there may be too litde industlial base to support vigorous exploration and exploitation of resources in space.
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