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Roczniki Filozoficzne:
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Krzysztof Saja
Krzysztof Saja
Filozoficzne źródła antyrealizmu etycznego
Philosophical Sources of Ethical Anti-Realism
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In the contemporary analytic philosophy about one-third of authors tend toward moral antirealism. Sources of its popularity have to be found in many arguments justifying the abandonment of moral realism. Every realist should meet them. Unfortunately, in Polish literature about ethics it is difficult to find a presentation and a critique of these arguments. Many philosophers who represent continental philosophy like Neo-Thomism, material Value-Ethics, hermeneutic ethics, assume ethical realism and do not respond to the arguments of anti-realists. The purpose of the article is to present in one place the most important arguments that are important sources of ethical antirealism in metaethics of analytic philosophy.
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Zenon E. Roskal
Zenon E. Roskal
Paula Thagarda kryteria demarkacji
Paul Thagard’s Demarcation Criteria
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In Paul Thagard’s article “Why Astrology Is a Pseudoscience”, we might find some demarcation criteria which are best used in determining whether certain fields with a lot of practitioners can be claimed to be pseudoscientific. Theory T for the pseudoscience club is if T has long been less progressive than its competitors and faces many more unsolved problems; and, adherents to T do not try to develop the theory to solve puzzles, do not attempt to evaluate T with respect to its alternatives, and are highly reserved and selective in seeking confirmation and falsification. Ten years later Thagard gave us new proposals. If T is a pseudoscience, then it is usually the case that (1) T is neither simple nor unified; the explanations, resources, (2) and predictions of T tend to be ad hoc, spurious, or ill-fitted to the rest of T; or, (3) adherents to T do not try to develop the theory to solve puzzles, do not attempt to evaluate T with respect to competitors, and (4) are highly reserved and selective in seeking confirmation and falsification.In this article, Paul Thagard’s criteria of demarcation are examined and evaluated from the point of view of the history of astrology.
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Roczniki Filozoficzne:
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Eugeniusz Wojciechowski
Eugeniusz Wojciechowski
Sylogistyka z terminami negatywnymi w semantycznie przejrzystym sformułowaniu
Syllogistic with Negative Terms in the Semantically Transparent Formulation
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The paper refers to the classic works of Polish authors (Łukasiewicz, Sleszyński, Zawirski) and comprises the idea of proof by ecthesis (originally formulated by Borkowski) with the use of list notation to show that the five diagrams by Euler, which provide a starting point for Sleszyński’s analysis, adequately formulate the system of syllogistic with negative terms (Iwanuś and Wedberg’s axiomatization).
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Roczniki Filozoficzne:
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Vittorio Possenti
Vittorio Possenti
Stato, diritto, religione:
Il dialogo tra Jürgen Habermas e Joseph Ratzinger
Państwo, prawo, religia
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The paper discusses the main arguments and conclusions from the debate “Moral and prepolitical foundations of the liberal state,” which took place on 19 January 2004 in Munich between Jürgen Habermas and Joseph Ratzinger. It situates in a circle of topics present for some time in the public discourse of the West, while today returning with particular force, on the foundations of the liberal state, the question of positive law—whether it is to depend only on the will of the parliamentary majority or should derive from deeper sources—the presence of religion in public space in the era of post-Enlightenment privatization in post-saecular society, the correlation between faith and reason. They also condition the delicate issues that have emerged in recent decades: Europe and its roots, Christianity and political space, the objectives of civil law, the issues of life, family, and human embryo.
Artykuł omawia główne tezy i wnioski debaty „Moralne i prepolityczne fundamenty państwa liberalnego”, która odbyła się 19 stycznia 2004 r. w Monachium między Jürgenem Habermasem i Josephem Ratzingerem. Sytuuje się ona w kręgu tematów obecnych od pewnego czasu w dyskursie publicznym Zachodu, dziś zaś powracających ze szczególną siłą, a dotyczących fundamentów państwa liberalnego, kwestii prawa pozytywnego – czy ma ono zależeć tylko od woli większości parlamentarnej, czy też powinno czerpać z głębszych źródeł – obecności religii w przestrzeni publicznej w dobie pooświeceniowej prywatyzacji w postsekularnym społeczeństwie, korelacji wiary i rozumu. Warunkują one także delikatne problemy, które pojawiły się w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach: Europa i jej korzenie, chrześcijastwo a przestrze polityczna, cele prawa cywilnego, kwestie życia, rodziny i embrionu ludzkiego.
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