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Eco-ethica

Volume 4, 2015
Ethics and Politics / Éthique et politique

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Displaying: 1-20 of 23 documents


1. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Peter Kemp, Noriko Hashimoto Editorial
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2. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Peter Kemp, Noriko Hashimoto Preface
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general views / vues générales
3. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Peter Kemp Liberté et institutions
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La liberté humaine a besoin des institutions justes où chacun accepte des disciplines communes pour réaliser des projets communs. Si ces institutions ne sont pas établies, les gens ont raison de se révolter. Mais, comme la révolte en 1968, cette critique reste souvent « messianique » sans devenir vraiment politique ou pratique. Or aujourd’hui des philosophes « messianiques » ont insisté sur l’opposition contre l’Etat de droit comme la vraie manière de critiquer la société. Cependant s’il faut réaliser une communauté politique cosmopolite, il faut lutter pour des institutions juridiques internationales et transnationales et par là transformer les bonnes intentions en politique.
4. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Mireille Delmas-Marty Humaniser la mondialisation
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Malgré le développement des droits de l’homme et l’apparition d’une justice pénale internationale, la mondialisation lance de nouveaux défis à l’humanisme juridique : durcissement du contrôle des migrations, aggravation des exclusions sociales, multiplication des atteintes à l’environnement, persistance des crimes internationaux « les plus graves », risques d’asservissement créés par les nouvelles technologies. Humaniser la mondialisation renvoie à trois objectifs : résister à la déshumanisation, responsabiliser les acteurs, anticiper sur les risques à venir. Pour y contribuer, il faudrait une mutation de la notion d’ordre juridique car le modèle souverainiste (ordre international), postulant l’autonomie de chaque État, est dépassé. Mais l’universalisme (ordre supranational), comme l’ultra-libéralisme (ordre transnational), risquent de conduire à l’impérialisme du plus puissant. D’où la recherche d’un «pluralisme ordonné», combinant souverainisme intégré, universalisme assoupli et libéralisme régulé.
5. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Patrice Canivez L ’idée de démocratie transnationale
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This article deals with the notion of transnational democracy, which is an object of debate in contemporary political philosophy. The analysis focuses on a few central issues. First, the notion of transnationality is developed in contrast with the ideal-type of the nation-state (I). Two possible viewpoints on transnational democracy are envisaged, in relation to the opposition between state and society and the alternative between representation and participation (II). Then, three paradigms of transnational democracy are defined (III) and their respective limits are examined (IV). An extended conclusion develops some remarks regarding the transformation and “universalization” of traditions (V).
6. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Pierre-Antoine Chardel La vie commune à l'épreuve du tout sécuritaire: Eléments pour une approche critique
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Le présent article interroge l’intensification des politiques sécuritaires dans nos sociétés démocratiques en mettant en évidence le risque majeur qu’elle constitue pour nos équilibres politiques, sociaux et existentiels. Car si au nom de la sécurité, nous acceptons d’être de plus en plus surveillés, c’est en négligeant le fait que nous avons besoin de confiance, d’autonomie et de liberté pour nous inscrire solidement dans le monde. Pourquoi semblons-nous faire preuve si massivement d’une telle négligence ? Notre vigilance critique, tant sur le plan individuel que collectif, ne devrait-elle pas au contraire être singulièrement accentuée à l’heure où les régimes d’exception tendent à devenir la règle ?
7. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Bernard Reber La critique est aisée, l ’art est difficile: Vers une démocratie responsable (I)
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L’originalité de cet article porte tant sur l’approche que sur l’actualité du problème choisi. Il croise sciences politiques (quantitatives et comparatives) et théorie politique, pour traiter de la montée d’une citoyenneté critique. Il analyse ses formes et passe ensuite à une critique plus étayée et philosophique. Ces deux types de résultats ne se recouvrent que très partiellement. Principalement focalisée sur des questions d’identité, la majeure partie des travaux en philosophie politique passent à côté de ce qui constitue le coeur de l’exercice politique. L’article propose alors de considérer des formes de responsabilités, notamment dans l’Union européenne, permettant d’affronter cette critique réactive.
8. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Jacob Dahl Rendtorff The Concept of Equality in Ethics and Political Economy
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The author discusses the concept of equality in ethics and political economy. The first section presents a philosophical concept of equality of resources, as it is suggested by Ronald Dworkin. The second section looks at the concept of equality in relation to the factual distribution in our contemporary political economy. It relies on Thomas Piketty who argues that it is the concept of capital that reproduces inequality and that is still the most essential concept in our economic system. The third section discusses the conceptions and perspectives on the relation between ethics and political economy in our present society.
9. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Peter McCormick Essential Sovereignties?: Political, Ethical, and Personal
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Politics and ethics are closely linked in many ways. One such link is the central but still contentious notion of the person. Take the case of today’s European Union. Most basically, member states disagree on what and who persons are. This EU paradox may be resolved when political debates about sovereignty’s limits expand to include ethical discussions of the nature of persons. The aim of this paper is to point in the direction of an account of the person that will support proper understandings of those ethical, and not just political, values that the Preamble of any eventual European Union constitution will need to entrench tomorrow.
10. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Karen Joisten Der Mensch zwischen Oikos und Polis?: Eine Herausforderung fur die narrative Philosophie
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Ziel des Beitrages ist es, ein Oikos- und Polisverständnis vorzustellen, das sich widerständig und sperrig zu einem gängigen Politikverständnis verhält, da es entpolitisiert und jenseits eines Macht- und Herrschaftsdenkens situiert ist. Auf diese Weise gelangt man zugleich zu einer Herausforderung für die narrative Philosophie, die darin besteht, die narrative Differenz, die aus der menschlichen Grundbefmdlichkeit des Menschen als Heim-weg entspringt, wach zu halten und um das Verständnis eines ‘Ortes des Wohnens und Unterwegsseins’ zu ringen, das es zu bewahren und weiter zu entfalten gilt. Dieser, Ort seines Wohnens und Unterwegsseins’ ist ein lebendiges Geschichtenbezugsgewebe, in dem die Erzählfäden aus dem Oikos und der Polis eingewoben sind und immer wieder neu wieder eingesponnen werden.
11. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Noriko Hashimoto Negative Technology and Solidarity: An Essay on the Development from Ethics to Politics
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A characteristic feature of the 21st century is that every important thing is invisible: boundaries, technological risk, global warming, etc. In Eco-ethica, a new ethics in contrast to Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics must be developed with respect to these invisible realities. What should we do to demolish the nuclear facilities at Fukushima? This is a question of “technica negativa”, the invisible process of demolition. The problem must be examined through ethics, Kant’s legal thinking and, finally, politics. Habermas’ idea of “solidarity” is fruitful here because he insists on civic democracy at a transnational scale. This idea may be linked to a new form of cosmopolitanism.
12. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Mary Beth Mader Ethics of Ancestral Explanation: Tragedy, Psychoanalysis and Evolutionary Theory
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Human beings experience themselves through various kinds of collectively experienced time. Medicine that relies upon precarious forms of ancestral or evolutionary explanation generates such collectively experienced forms of time, which are thus essentially politico-medically instituted versions of kin relations. Kin relations structure our ethical relations to each other rather thoroughly, even in Western modernity, especially through legally sanctioned relations. Hence, an ancestral or evolutionary explanation in medicine should be examined for its ethical import via its structuring of etiologically linked kin relations, even if those relations extend beyond the family, people, population or group context back into cosmic and evolutionary origins.
on history / sur l’histoire
13. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Manuel B. Dy Jr Rethinking Mencius on the Ethics of Governance
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The task of this paper is to derive an ethics of governance from the teachings of Mencius that may be applicable to our present time. Mencius follows Confucius in the three important elements of the state: security, basic necessities, and the confidence of the people in their ruler. Mencius specifies these in terms of avoiding unjust wars, providing a sound and inclusive economic program, and adding justice to humanity in parenting the people.
14. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Sang-Hwan Kim Ethics of Shame and Ethics of Unhappy Consciousness
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As is well known, Kant finds the subjective condition of morally motivated actions in the feeling of respect for duty, and defines it as an a priori affect caused only by reason, an affect to be distinguished from all psychological inclinations. In Confucian ethics, one can find such a transcendentalized affect explaining the origin of authentic moral actions. The author analyzes and compares two privileged moral feelings not only in the perspective of contemporary debates between duty ethics and virtue ethics, but also in the perspective of contemporary Korean experiences of moral crisis.
15. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Bertrand Saint-Sernin La France à la fin du règne de Louis XIV selon La Bruyère et Saint-Simon: Leçons politiques contemporaines
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La France compte au XVIIe siècle de grands analystes de la société. Servis par une prose précise, fluide et inventive, ces anthropologues sont aussi des métaphysiciens. Parmi eux, citons Bossuet, Fénelon et La Bruyère, puis, à cheval sur le XVIIe et le XVIIIe siècles, le duc de Saint-Simon. La Bruyère et Saint-Simon nous peignent la fin du règne de Louis XIV. Elle est marquée par le début d’une période glaciaire dévastatrice pour les paysans et par la révocation de l’édit de Nantes qui appauvrit la France. Leur liberté de ton et leur sévérité, quand ils écrivent au roi, rendent leur tableau vrai, poignant et plein d’utiles leçons pour notre temps.
16. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
David Rasmussen The Second Arab Awakening and the Emerging Domain of the Political
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What does it mean to call the so-called second Arab awakening a liberal revolution? In this article, the author tries to answer that question by first framing it in the larger historical context by reference to the origins of the liberal narrative. Second, he attempts to probe the question of why and how the recent events of the Middle East can be put in the context of that narrative. Finally, he turns to evolutionary theory to see what kind of paradigm can be prescriptive for the second Arab awakening.
17. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Robert Bernasconi Is Ethics a Kind of Politics?: An Alternative View of the History of the Separation of Ethics from Politics
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This essay attempts to outline a genealogical approach to the question of why political reasoning and moral reasoning have parted company, highlighting the contributions of Aristotle, Aquinas, Geulincx, Kant, Garve, Hegel, and Schmitt. In the author’s conclusion he looks in particular at the work of Hannah Arendt and Emmanuel Levinas, the former largely associated with political philosophy and the latter almost exclusively associated with ethics, to show that these readings are both one-sided understandings of their work and that, writing in the aftermath of the Holocaust, neither accept the standard account of the relation of ethics and politics.
on paul ricœur / sur paul ricœur
18. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Michael Sohn The Ethics and Politics of Recognition: Reflections on Taylor, Honneth, and Ricœur
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This article seeks to show that multiple modalities uncovered in the phenomenology of recognition is the basis for understanding how social and political phenomena can manifest itself variously in amoral social conflict, moral struggles for recognition as well as peaceful experiences of mutual recognition. Conceived in this light, the moral task for individuals is to move beyond the recognition of others as things and instead towards the recognition of the others as persons worthy of respect and sympathy. And the political task of institutions is to teach and cultivate moral forms of mutual recognition even as they regulate and constrain the amoral Hobbesian tendencies for social conflict.
19. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Pierre-Olivier Monteil Paradoxes in Ricœur’s Political Thinking
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Paul Ricœur is rarely considered as a political thinker by his commentators. However, the question of power is constantly present in his thinking. The paper aims at retracing the main lines of Ricœur’s political project. Being instructed by the twentieth century totalitarianisms, he attacks systematicism in politics with “systematicity”, relying on the strength of political paradoxes. This argumentative form invites us to renounce claiming a knowledge and to connect politics with ethics through a practical wisdom. Ricœur’s reflection gives us keys for understanding today’s politics. His criticism of “minimal policies” may in particular be addressed to neoliberalism.
20. Eco-ethica: Volume > 4
Jean-Luc Amalric L ’articulation de l ’éthique et du politique dans l ’horizon d ’une philosophie de l ’acte
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Cet article s’efforce de montrer quelles sont les ressources anthropologiques de la philosophie ricœurienne de l’acte pour penser une articulation vivante de l’éthique et du politique qui évite l’impasse que représente l’idée d’un divorce complet entre idéalisme moral et réalisme politique. Pour ce faire, il tente de définir la démarche centrale de l’herméneutique de Ricœur comme celle d’une réappropriation réflexive et critique de l’affirmation éthique originaire dont le but ultime est de redéployer le parcours entier de la liberté et des institutions.