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editorial
1. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 6 > Issue: 12
Joaquim Cerqueira Gonçalves Direitos Humanos e Filosofia
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artigos
2. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 6 > Issue: 12
Norberto Ferreira da Cunha A Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem (Luzes e Sombras da sua Recepção em Portugal, em 1948)
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Salazar had always been opposed to the Human Rights such as the French Revolution, in 1789, realized them. On the contrary, Opposition has always revindicated them requiring their replacement and denunciating their constant violation by the regimen. We would expected the regimen should take avantage of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) approval to denunciate, once more, the horrors of that Revolution, the abstract ballast of the Human Rights comitted in it and the recent disorders of our I Republica; we would expect Opposition to make the most of this opportunity in order to denunciate the violence of the regimen forces and the abolishment of freedom. Neither the Government nor the Opposition assumed their positions. Because of political-strategical reasons: Government didn’t want to affront the U.S.A. and England which promised to support the regimen and the “Empire”; Opposition because of its compromises towards the unitary policy of MUD (Movimento de Unidade Democrática) and the disillusion that the Allies support to the Estado Novo caused. Both, reduced to silence whats divided them essentially - The Human Rights - in order to preserve the secondary.
3. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 6 > Issue: 12
Carlos Morujão Ética e Direitos Humanos
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Da ns cet article, en jou ant, en un certain sens, Kant contre Heidegger, on a essayé de penser les droits d e l’homme a partir de l’instance qui les fonde, celle du rapport. On a montré de quelle façon l’émergence de la société civile, avec les temps modernes, rend caduc tout essai (comme ceux qu’on a connu sous le romantisme) de récupérer le modèle grec de la polis, en tant que modèle de la pure sociabilité. Pour finir, on remarque que la seule voie d’accès à cette question qui soit à la hauteur des problèmes posés par notre temps, nous contraint à abandonner toute pensée du “propre” ou de la “propriété” (qui est encore celle de Heidegger), à la faveur d ’une pensée de l’autre.
4. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 6 > Issue: 12
Hermenegildo Ferreira Borges Nova Retórica e Reconstrução dos Direitos Humanos
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Caractériser la rationalité qui fond les Droits de l’Homme dans la Modernité, en vue d’identifier l’élément de fragilité qui aura permis la rupture totalitaire avec la tradition humaniste de l’Occident et le conséquent génocide de groupes humains “superflus” et “décartables”, est le seuil de not re réfléxion. L’exercice réflexif sur “l’expérience limite” de privation de tous les droits est l’expression d’un éffort ayant pour but échapper au piège de la généricité abstraite qui caractérise l’utilisation “rhétorique” des Droits de l’Homme. Surmonter ce vide formel, aussi bien qu’un concept d'universalité, marqué idéologiquement par les doctrines fonctionalistes et le subjectivisme radical, est l’objet final de ce travail qui transforme en complices et en complémentair es les éfforts de Hannah Arendt et Chaïm Perelman, dans l’entreprise de “réconstruction” des Droits de l’Homme.
5. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 6 > Issue: 12
Carlos João Correia Identidade Pessoal: Notas para uma Redefinição do Conceito de Pessoa Segundo o Pensamento de Ricoeur
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This paper has the purpose of showing the way the concept of narrative identity, suggested by Ricoeur, enables us to re-evaluate the paradoxes resulting from the two classic criteria (“body” and “memory”) used to solve the problem of personal identity.
6. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 6 > Issue: 12
Cristina Beckert O Doente Psiquiátrico como Pessoa Moral: Entre o Direito à Saúde e o Direito à Autonomia
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This paper tries to show that psychiatric patients must be considered as moral persons and not just as individuals whose mental health needs to be cared for. To do that, it analyses the various senses of the word person in its moral, social and juridical dimensions and relates them with the two main ethic principles: the principle of autonomy and the principle of beneficence, arriving to the conclusion that the first one must be fully respected by means of an “informed consent” or at least an “assent” given by the patient in case new treatments are required or when being subject to medical experimentation.
7. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 6 > Issue: 12
Aylton Barbieri Durão Kant e o Suposto Direito de Mentir por Filantropia
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Dans cet essai, on analyse le célèbre opuscule où Kant, dans sa réponse à Benjamin Constant, refuse, comme étant moralement et juridiquement indéfensable, le droit de mentir, même s’il est fondé sur des motivations philantropiques. Le caractère inacceptable du mensonge, si frequemment cité pour caractériser le rigorisme éthique du philosophe de Königsberg, vient ici abordé en liaison avec d’autres topiques de la pensée éthique et politique de Kant, soit le concept d’impératif catégorique, soit le refus d’admettre le droit de résistance.
8. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 6 > Issue: 12
Pedro Galvão A Ciência na Educação Segundo John Dewey
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Education plays a very special role in Dewey’s System of thought. And according to Dewey, science, being knowledge at its best, has an unsurpassable educational value which every genuine democracy must take seriously. Here I try to show how and why Dewey developed this point of view. I start by considering how, in Dewey’s System, education is seen as a form of experience deeply significant to philosophy. Then I try to stress the most inte resting points concerning Dewey’s view of education as a social process. This leds me to explain why Dewey thought that the best kind of education should occur in a democratic environment and what does he mean by that. At this point it becomes possible (I hope) to effectively understand where Dewey saw the educational value of scientific knowledge and how, according to him, should that value be promoted. Since the superiority of scientific knowledge lies in its method, Dewey argued, science becomes deprived of all its educational value whenever is taught, as ususal, as a mere ready-made subject-matter.
9. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 6 > Issue: 12
Pedro M. S. Alves O Homem Verdadeiro e a Máquina de Terra: Sobre o Problema Mente/Corpo e o Tema da Consciência no Pensamento de Descartes
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En partant des derniers paragraphes de la cinquième parti du Discours de la Méthode, on a reconstitué la formulation cartésienne de la perception d’un autre moi. Les critères de l’usage du langage et de la plasticité du comportement ont été analysés à la lumière de l’idée d’une machine universelle et du test de Turing. On conclut de la faiblesse de l’argument cartésien sur l’irréductibilité de la pensée à un dispositif machinal. En tant qu’issue de la difficulté, on propose une révision de la façon cartésienne de caractérisation de la pensée à partir du concept d’expérience, tout en abandonnant le thème d’une perception interne incommunicable et intémoignable.
10. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 6 > Issue: 12
Simpósio Internacional
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