Observations of environmentally friendly behavior by transnational corporations (TNCs) in less developed countries (LDCs) pose the possibility that environmental protection and competitiveness may not be inconsistent goals. Drawing from the macro- and micro-economic literatures, we posit a model to explain a growing co- allignment of formerly divergent or independent forces driving environmentalism and competitiveness in TNCs.

This paper argues that the necessity to influence public policy and opinion through corporate advertising will differ when comparing foreign-owned versus domestic firms. Corporate ads as a tool to promote the interests of the overall firm are claimed to be used differently based on foreign versus domestic ownership objectives. Specific propositions predict variation in patterns of both related and unrelated issue and image corporate ads. Other factors such as joint venture organizational structure and cultural distance of country source are argued to have an impact on corporate advertising patterns involving foreign firms. Issues raised by this research include MNC influence, competitiveness and reciprocity for US firms.

Many attempts at measuring Corporate Social Performance have fallen short of researchers' expectations. This paper provides a conceptual framework for using stakeholder-specific measures of both financial and social performance. It is hoped that future empirical studies using such an approach will be able to better specify the relationship, if any, between a firm's Corporate Social Performance and its financial performance.

This paper addresses the question of why corporate social performance — despite its central place within social issues research and teaching - remains peripheral to management practice. It utilizes a comparative analytical method to examine factors associated with managerial relevance and contrasts corporate social performance with other areas of contemporary management. It concludes with recommendations for increasing the relevance and acceptability of corporate social performance within management practice,

This paper has two major objectives. First, it describes The Atlanta Project (TAP) in detail. This discussion includes the impetus for and the functioning of TAP. Second, the paper reports on an assessment or evaluation of TAP based upon interviews with the corporate sponsors of the project. The interviews are structured around four issues: the corporations' motivations expectations, realizations and evaluations of TAP. The paper concludes with the researchers' assessment of TAP.

This paper examines the theoretical status of the three CSR models of William C. Frederick. Using the method of systematics, it disaggregates the elements of the three models and suggests one integrative means of re-sorting them. The paper argues the need to develop a theoretical logic to understand behavior in this area, and supplies one in the form of the beginnings of an explicit theory of normative referencing. The processes of normative referencing, including normative selection, normative commitment, normative instruction, normative implementation, normative administration, normative outcomes production, normative accounting, and normative adjustment are described.

This paper examines the "Downsizing" strategy of a major defense contractor which followed the end of the "Cold War". It also looks at self-interest, executive compensation, stakeholder theory and egalitarian ratios which raise issues of equity and distribution theory.

This study attempts to create a framework for examining society's responsibilities to productive organizations using Donaldson's (1982) conceptualization of a social contract for business. In particular, we are interested in the conditions of the social contract when the society/organization relationship is no longer mutually desired under its existing "terms." Such a potential case exists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Using both interview and archival data, the dynamics surrounding a renegotiated social contract between Los Alamos National Laboratory and U.S. society are examined. Potential policy ramifications and recommendations are developed based on the results of this preliminary study.

The symposium consists of this conceptual overview and three empirical studies being conducted at Boston University. The conceptual framework is the outgrowth of a large scale project by the author with grant support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. That project, entitled "The Changing Purpose of the American Corporation," addresses the evolution of the multi-purpose corporation in the second half of the 20th century.

This paper is part of the symposium on Studies of the Modem Corporation. The paper describes changes in the relationships, roles and responsibilities between the U.S. Electric Utility Industry and society. The paper also describes current issues facing the industry and its stakeholders and the impact of predictable response patterns on relationships, roles and responsibilities.

Boston Against Drugs is an example of corporate involvement in a social issue wherein sixteen corporations each works with a neighborhood to prevent addiction in its citizens. Firms are motivated to participate mainly from corporate social responsiveness concerns - their need for a healthy environment in which to conduct business. The companies collaborate with each other and with government and many groups in their neighborhoods because the drug problem is complex and solutions require contributions from many sectors. Thus responsibility is born by many actors, relating to each other and assuming roles congruent with their resources.

This paper presents the results of a survey of corporate executives on management of multiple change. Topics addressed include the challenge of coping with high levels of change, differentiation of change for social versus economic purposes, change processes utilized, synergism and lessons learned across multiple changes, and key managerial activities in facilitating change. Background for the study and theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Applying assumptions borrowed from New Sciences, the paper reconceptualizes business/society relations from a systems perspective as the process of mutually creating self and context. A framework is proposed in which problems of turbulence and complexity are products of assumed relationships among social systems. New interpretations of “self interest” and “value" are proposed that yield new strategic issues.

This paper reports on a study of the evolving role of corporate community relations in the 1990s. Corporate community relations is facing pressures from the external environment (globalization, alliances, competition, and governmental regulation), the internal environment (technology, restructuring, decentralization, and resource constraints), and from employees and communities. Implications for CCR are discussed.

There has been limited consideration of the interaction of self-deception and corporate social responsiblity. This paper explores this relationship. Selected psychological and philosophical literature on self-deception are reviewed and integrated into a processual model of self-deception. The model is then applied to decision making involving ethical issues.

This paper reviews the latest empirical research in the corporate social responsibility literature-research that makes use of event study methodology-and finds that there is consistent evidence showing that the market is punishing firms for socially irresponsible behavior.

Social investing involves the consideration of economic and non-economic investment criteria. These investment criteria are related to the social issues component of Carroll's (1979) concept of corporate social performance. The principles and purposes of social investment firms are examined. Various social investment criteria are also examined in terms of their current and future importance.

This paper examines the role of boards of directors. Propositions indicating that distinct stakeholder groups (employees, shareholders, local society, management) have various expectations from the boards’ roles, are derived and empirically studied. The study uses a Norwegian empirical setting of regional subsidiary boards with consisting of both employee and public directors, and applies both quantitative and qualitative methods’. The findings of this study indicate the importance of understanding stakeholder issues when corporate governance and boards of directors are discussed.

Boycotts are growing in popularity and in diversity as a means of social protest against corporations and governments. This paper develops a theory of boycotts as collective action for use in predicting such protest.