The paper looks at how Tsong kha pa (1357–1419), mKhas grub (1385–1438), and Go rams pa (1429–1489) understood the third and fourth lemmas in the tetralemma (Tib. mu bzhi; Skt. catuṣkoṭi), “both A and B” and “neither A nor B,” respectively.

This paper examines intrasectarian controversies among the colleges of the dGe lugs order of Tibetan Buddhism. dGe lugs pa is one of the four or five major orders that developed in the Tibetan cultural region; it was founded by Tsong kha pa (1357–1419) or, as some say, developed from his teachings. This paper looks specifically at Jam yang shay pa’s (1648–1721/22) Decisive Analysis of (Candrakīrti’s) “Entry to (Nāgārjuna’s) ‘Treatise on the Middle’”: Treasury of Scripture and Reasoning, Thoroughly Illuminating the Profound Meaning [of Emptiness], Entrance for the Fortunate.