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The Review of Metaphysics:
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W. J. Mander
Idealism, Narrative, and the Mind–Brain Relation
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Contra common belief, idealists need to account for the relationship between the mind and the brain every bit as much as do physicalists and dualists. However, they must conceive of that relationship in a very different way to either of their metaphysical rivals. This paper presents an appropriate idiom in which idealists may describe that connection. But the gain is not simply one of language, for it is argued that this idiom rules out understanding mind-brain correlation either a relationship of causation or as one of identity. Exploiting literary parallels, it is further suggested that this lexicon for understanding how mind and brain stand one to another highlights the subsidiary status of physical reality, turning the mind-brain correlation from an apparent refutation of idealism into something that in fact vindicates it.
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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Daniel W. Graham
Socrates as a Deontologist
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Greek ethics is almost universally taken to be teleological and eudaimonistic. Socrates is understood to be the founder of Greek ethics and hence the figure who instituted the eudaimonistic teleological model. The author wishes to argue to the contrary that Socrates is best taken as a duty theorist or deontologist, for whom teleological considerations are irrelevant, or, more precisely, come in only tangentially. Taking as evidence of Socrates’ position Plato’s Socratic or early dialogues, he examines a moral deliberation Socrates makes in the Crito, showing its commitment to duty over interest; and examine Socrates’ program of moral improvement as expressed in the Apology, in which moral goodness is said to take precedence over personal welfare. Finally, he undertakes to show how the views expressed in the Crito and Apology might fit into a larger theoretical framework in which virtue and duty have a value independent of happiness.
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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Sylvia Carli
Energeia and Being-in-Time
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Aristotle defines time as “the number of movement (kinēsis) with respect to before and after” (Physics 4.11.219b2). The relation between sublunar substances, which have within themselves a principle of movement and rest, and time, therefore, appears unproblematic. Sensible substances, however, also perform perfect activities (energeiai) and, in the passages in which he most clearly outlines the nature of such activities, the philosopher leaves the issue of their temporality unresolved. As a result, scholars have speculated about different ways of understanding it. This paper argues that the Aristotelian corpus does offer precise indications on this issue. The Physics distinguishes between two modalities of being in time, namely, being-in-time in virtue of one’s nature and being-in-time accidentally. The case is made that energeiai belong to the class of things that are in time accidentally and that this way of understanding their relation to time fits their distinctive nature and is faithful to the phenomena.
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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Tianyue Wu
Aquinas on the Individuality of Thinking
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Aquinas criticizes Averroes’ monopsychism for failing to offer a satisfactory explanation for the obvious fact that “this human being thinks (hic homo intelligit).” However, it also poses great challenges to Aquinas himself to show how an individual person as a material compound can be the subject of thinking, which is supposed to be unmixed with the matter. This essay aims to address these challenges by reconstructing three ontological reasons Aquinas could have offered to demonstrate the compatibility of immateriality and individuality of thinking: the conception of individuality in terms of imparticipability, the complicated status of intelligible species, and the ontological priority of the soul to the body. It argues that the intellective soul as the substantial form of human beings is the ultimate principle of thinking, both for its immateriality and for its individuality.
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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Jacob Howland
The Explosive Maieutics of Kierkegaard’s Either/Or
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This article aims to clarify the ethical and theological importance of the conclusion of Either/Or. The author argues that the fundamental psychological, philosophical, and theological contradictions and conflicts of the book’s protagonists—an accidental editor, an alienated litterateur, a didactic judge, a solitary pastor—are most radically expressed in the Ultimatum (the concluding sermon and its epistolary frame), and are no less radically resolved therein. The first half of the article concerns the literary structure and existential drama of Either/Or as a whole, and reads Victor Eremita’s editorial explanation of how the papers of A and B came into his hands as a religious allegory that anticipates the possibility of existential rebirth with which the book concludes. The second half examines the Ultimatum (formally a fractal, like Either/Or as a whole), and its attempt to break open souls that have closed themselves off from the terrors and joys of reality.
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book reviews |
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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Jude P. Dougherty
Peirce and the Conduct of Life: Sentiment and Instinct in Ethics and Religion
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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Frank Schalow
Division III of Heidegger’s Being and Time: The Unanswered Question of Being
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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Jude P. Dougherty
The Physicist and the Philosopher: Einstein, Bergson, and the Debate that Changed Our Understanding of Time
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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M. Jamie Ferreira
Kierkegaard and the Paradox of Religious Diversity
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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John Rist
The McCabe Reader
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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John Rist
Erasmus’ Life of Origen: A New Annotated Translation of the Prefaces to Erasmus of Rotterdam’s Edition of Origen’s Writings (1536)
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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Paul S. Loeb
An Interpretation of Nietzsche’s On the Uses and Disadvantage of History for Life
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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Jude P. Dougherty
The Atlas of Reality: A Comprehensive Guide to Metaphysics
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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Daniel W. Graham
Everything in Everything: Anaxagoras’s Metaphysics
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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Brad Baraowski
On Knowing: The Social Sciences
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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Jude P. Dougherty
The Federal Judiciary: Strengths and Weaknesses
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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David Henderson
Epistemic Angst
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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Jude P. Dougherty
Pragmatism as a Way of Life: The Lasting Legacy of William James and John Dewey
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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Jude P. Dougherty
The Moral Psychology of St. Thomas Aquinas
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The Review of Metaphysics:
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Ben Novak
Freedom and Self-Creation: Anselmian Libertarianism
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