21.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Paul T. Durbin
Chapter 13: SPT Goes International:
Spain and Germany
|
|
|
22.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Paul T. Durbin
Chapter 18: Albert Borgmann and a Philosophy of Technology?
|
|
|
23.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Paul T. Durbin
Chapter 9: An Early Attempt to Turn Philosophy and Technology into Philosophy of Technology:
Joseph Pitt
|
|
|
24.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Paul T. Durbin
Chapter 2: Philosophy of Science and Social Responsibility:
Alex Michalos
|
|
|
25.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Paul T. Durbin
Chapter 1: A Premature Attempt at Discourse Synthesis:
Carl Mitcham in Thinking through Technology
|
|
|
26.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Paul T. Durbin
Chapter 15: Philosophy of Engineering
|
|
|
27.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Paul T. Durbin
Chapter 8: Edmund Byrne on Work
|
|
|
28.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Larry Hickman
Chapter 14: American Pragmatism and Technology
|
|
|
29.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Paul T. Durbin
Chapter 4: A Marxist Critique of Capitalist Technology:
Marx Wartofsky
|
|
|
30.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Paul T. Durbin
Chapter 23: Paul Thompson and Agricultural Technologies
|
|
|
31.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Paul T. Durbin
A Concluding Essay on Quadrants and Discourse Synthesis in the Philosophy of Technology
|
|
|
32.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Paul T. Durbin
Chapter 16: Metaphysics and Technological Culture:
Frederick Ferre versus Donald Verene
|
|
|
33.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
References
|
|
|
34.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Paul T. Durbin
Chapter 5: Mario Bunge’s Systematic Definition of Technology
|
|
|
35.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Paul T. Durbin
Chapter 3: Philosophy of Technology as Risk Assessment of Technological Ventures:
Kristin Shrader-Frechette
|
|
|
36.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Paul T. Durbin
Chapter 6: Joseph Margolis on Technological Society
|
|
|
37.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Paul T. Durbin
Chapter 7: Joseph Agassi, Philosophy of Technology, and Mass Movements
|
|
|
38.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Raphael Sassower, Stephen Cutcliffe
Chapter 25: Postmodernism and the Social Construction of Technology
|
|
|
39.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 2
Deborah Johnson
Chapter 20: Ethics in Engineering and Computing Technology
|
|
|
40.
|
Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology:
Volume >
10 >
Issue: 3
Edward Relph
Spirit of Place and Sense of Place in Virtual Realities
abstract |
view |
rights & permissions
About forty years ago, when print media were still in their ascendancy, Marshall McLuhan argued that all media are extensions of the senses and that the rational view of the world associated with print is being replaced by a world-view associated with electronic media that stresses feelings and emotions (McLuhan, 1964). In 2003 researchers from the School of Information Management Sciences at Berkeley estimated that five exabytes (five billion gigabytes) of information had been generated in the previous year, equivalent to 37,000 times the holdings of the Library of Congress and that 92.00% of this was on magnetic media, mostly hard disks, while only 0.01% was in print (http://www.sims.berkeley.edu, 2003). This SIMS estimate could be wrong by several orders of magnitude and it would still be clear that the era of the printed word is waning rapidly. We are well-advised to pay attention to McLuhan’s suggestionthat electronic media change how we think and how we feel.Sense of place and virtual reality are both inextricably caught up in this cultural-technological upheaval. I have written about the concept of ‘place’ from a phenomenological perspective for many years and have achieved a reasonable understanding of its subtleties, but I have a limited knowledge of digital virtual reality and its technical attributes. Nevertheless, it seems to me that a mutual interaction is at work between what might be called ‘real’ place and virtual places, that digital virtual reality shares characteristics with other electronic media and that our experiences of real places are being changed those same media. This essay explores these issues particularlyfrom the perspective of the distinction between spirit of place and sense of place.
|
|
|