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1. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 10 > Issue: 19/20
Eduardo Pellejero J. L. Borges: Los Precursores de Kafka por una Historiografía Literaria no Historicista
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In a general way, the concept of forerunner is understood in the sense of someone who comes before another, preceding and announcing his coming; it is a category of history, its ascendant works from the past towards the future. The critic category that corresponds to it is that of “influence”. By 1951, J. L. Borges publishes a small article around certain singularities in Kafka’s work that claimed to reverse this perspective, rethinking the problem of forerunners in the dominion of literature history. Borges’s article strictly opposes to this classic conception of forerunner, almost like the nietzschean’s conception of history opposes to that of the German 19th century’s historicism. In Borges’s conception, history it’s not accomplished - it isn’t a result, a bill - , but it is played every moment, with every event. A text, an author, a work, sometimes just a new reading, are enough to realise an event able to completely resettle their essential relations. Retroactive effect of actuality over the past, the work puts in action a set of transformations that take place in literature history and are attributed to the works and the authors. In a sense, works and authors, as singularities, do not change, but became part of new series, of a new plan, of a new perspective; it is changed what it turns them exceptional, or minor, or simply irrelevant. It is in this sense that every writer create their forerunners - his labour changes our conception of the past as well as it will change the future’s - and that the historicist problem of influence can be replaced or fulfilled by a certain idea of resonance.
2. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 22
Fernando Aranda Fraga La Idea de “Razón Publica” (y su Revisión) en el Último Rawls
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In 1993 John Rawls published his main and longest work since 1971, where he had published his reknowned A Theory of Justice, book that made him famous as the greatest political philosopher of the century. We are referring to Political Liberalism, a summary of his writings of the 80’s and the first half of the 90’s, where he attempts to answer the critics of his intellectual partners, communitarian philosophers. One of the key topics in this book is the issue of “public reason”, whose object is nothing else than public good, and on which the principles and proceedings of justice are to be applied. The book was so important for the political philosophy of the time that in 1997 Rawls had to go through the 1993 edition, becoming this new one the last relevant writing published before the death of the Harvard philosopher in November 2002.
3. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 12 > Issue: 23
W. R. Daros Una Educación para un Futuro Mejor en la Concepción de Richard Rorty
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R. Rorty's Posmodern philosophy has its own bases and consequences. One of this consequences is found in the interpretation of education's fact. Truth is changed by a pragmatic way of thinking. Conscience is no more the typical center of a person. The practice way of doing is now the very important thing, without expecting any help from any transcendent Being. Education becomes a social problem and truth is a not real problem and not even a logical justification is required. The distintion between Literature and Philosophy is abolished and the idea of a general text wholly framed is arised. The desconstruction's method is then applied to the text, where the true interpretation is irrelevant.
4. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 12 > Issue: 23
Jesús Blanco Echauri Espinosa Revisitado en Lengua Portuguesa: Filosofia y Política en el Fin de Siècle
5. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 13 > Issue: 26
José Maria Zamora Calvo El Problema del “Quinto Cuerpo”: Plotino Crítico de Aristoteles (De Caelo I, 2-3)
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In the Treatise On the Heavens II, 1 [ 40 ], Plotinus rejects the explanation of Aristotle who, in De caelo I, 2-3, considers the “fifth body”, ether, the incorruptible matter of celestial bodies and heavens and, hence, different from the sub-lunar world’s four elementary bodies (fire, air, water and earth). Plotinus’ argument at tempts to found the kind of perpetuity which numerical identity implies -the identity which is proper of heavens and celestial bodies- on the harmony that reigns between their body and soul. This way, the Plotinian exeges is of the Aristotelian Treatise integrates the themes already raised in the Platonic Phaedrus and Timaeus. In this article I attempt to expound: 1 ) the concepts of perfection and the cosmological dualism in Aristotle, 2) the problem of the cosmos’ perpetuity, 3) the Plotinian search of a more satisfactory explanation, and 4) the theme of the two regions: sub-lunar and supra-lunar.
6. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 13 > Issue: 26
Tomás Calvo Martinez Un Excelente Comienzo
7. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 14 > Issue: 27
Adela Cortina Ciudadanía Intercultural
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Ce texte expose le concept de citoyenneté dans son double aspect - descriptif et prescriptif. Aux dimensions civiles, politiques et sociales de la citoyenneté il faut ajouter deux autres: l’économique et la culturelle. Ce qui fait tenir en compte le problème du multiculturalisme et de la citoyenneté multiculturelle. Il faut trouver des réponses qui permettent aux différentes éthnies une façon de vivre ensemble. Dans ce but, l’article analyse critiquement trois possibilités: le libéralisme multiculturel de Klymcka; le libéralis me intolérant de Sartori et le libéralisme radical interculturel. Ce dernier est la position choisie et soutenue dans le texte qui vise souligner le caractère dynamique des différentes cultures, bien que l’influence bénéfique qu’elles provoquent les unes sur les autres.
8. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 14 > Issue: 27
Raúl Fornet-Bettancourt Interculturalidad o Barbarie. 11 Tests Provisionales Para el Mejoramiento de las Teorías y Prácticas de la Interculturalidad como Alternativa de Otra Humanidad
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Pour éviter que le destin de l’humanité soit «la prison ou l’hospice d’aliénés» il faut faire attention aux mutations théoriques et pratiques qui puissent développer l’interculturalité. Celle-ci est es sentielle pour la survie du planète. La thèse soutenue dans cet article est que l’alternative à la multiculturalité est la barbarie. Il faut modifier le travail d’investigation et les pratiques habituelles développées sur ce thème. On doit proposer d’autres orientations philosophiques et d’autres pratiques, qui ne s’inscrivent pas sur des vérités absolues et sur des lois universelles, des orientations qui rejettent les implications d’uniformité de la globalization néo-libérale. Le recours à la théologie de la libération et à l’antropologie philosophique critique est importante.
9. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 14 > Issue: 27
Roberto R. Aramayo Mendacidad y Rebelión en Kant: (Glosas al Presunto Derecho de Mentir por Filantropía: Un Debate con Aylton Barbieri Durão)
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Based on the ethic formalism, Kant develops a rigorist interpretation of political and juridical philosophy that leads both to the unconditional condemnation of lies, for which there are no possible cases of exception, such as the lie to support philanthropy, or the lie to support needs, and to the total negation of the subjects’ right to resistance, even against the sovereign’s unfair decisions, although the realization of morality in the history of philosophy explains his enthusiasm regarding successful revolutions.
10. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 16 > Issue: 31
Fernando Aranda Fraga Evolución, Rupturas y Contramarchas en el Constructivismo Kantiano de John Rawls
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Starting in a paper where he defines his constructivist notion of morality (1980), Rawls begins - at least explicitly - to grow apart from Kant, one of his major mentors up to the moment, especially regarding that first original support given in A Theory of Justice. At the same time, he reveals himself as sympathizing with the political philosophy of John Dewey. In order to accomplish this microproject where he makes explicit the changes affecting his theory, he resorts to a reasoning based on the supposedly variants that, according to Rawls, are present in constructivism. Out of this new version of moral constructivism, he begins drifting apart from the rigorous Kantianism the first community voices had began to criticize in him in the 70’s.
11. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 17 > Issue: 33
Sergio Rodero Biología e Inteligencia Humana en Xavier Zubiri
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El problema “biología e inteligencia”, considerado filosóficamente, forma parte de un problema más amplio, que provisionalmente podría denominarse “organismo y psiquismo” y debería ser tratado desde très puntos de vista distintos, mas estrechamente entrelazados: el de las acciones, el de la habitud-actividad y el de las estructuras. El terreno de los actos es el más aparente y se refiere a todo el enorme campo de las acciones del hombre - no distinguimos aquí entre actos y acciones- , que tejen la vida del ser humano; el terreno de las habitudes, y con él el de la actividad, es más profundo y alude al modo esencial de habérselas el ser humano consigo mismo y con lo que le circunda en las acciones que realiza; finalmente, el terre no de las estructuras es todavia más profundo - tan sólo en el sentido de más radical- y alude a aquellas realidades, de la índole que sean, por las que el hombre posee modos específicos de habérselas con las cosas y puede realizar determinadas acciones. En este trabajo nos vamos a ceñir lo más posible al problema “biologia e inteligencia” y al solar de las acciones y de las habitudes, dejando para otra ocasión el problema de las estructuras, que nos conduciría al planteamiento más englobante de “psique y organismo”. Por la unidad de los tres niveles y por la unidad de lo que es el ser humano y de lo que es su actividad, en ocasiones tocaremos aspectos que desbordan la “ inteligencia” y que desbordan también el nivel de las acciones y de la habitud.
12. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 17 > Issue: 33
Montserrat Bartolomé Luises La Crítica de Bruno en el Candelaio y los Dialoghi Italiani
13. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 18 > Issue: 35
María J. Binetti Kierkegaard: Entre los Primeros Románticos y Hegel
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The same criticism of unreal abstraction, and empty universality repeats from Hegel to romandes, and from Kierkegaard to them and to him. The current article aims at inquiring the conceptual consistence of that criticism, approaching the essential content of their thoughts, and finally setting forth a possible speculative continuity, which would extend from first Romanticism to Hegel, and from him to Kierkegaard, for coming at last even to us.
14. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 18 > Issue: 36
Sergio Rodero Cilleros Ángel Luis González, G. W. Leibniz: Obras filosóficas y científicas, Metafísica
15. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 18 > Issue: 36
Ma Aránzazu Serantes López, Martin Pereira Farina Maria Burguete, Lui Lam (eds.), Science matters: humanities as complex Systems
16. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 19 > Issue: 37
Sergio Rodero El Vínculo Sustancial y las Mónadas en Leibniz
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The substantial vinculum is for Leibniz the relation where the simple substances (monads) join to create a compound from which a collective substantiality arises, and it is not the simple addition of individuals substantialities. The vinculum is essential, determinant for the compound, but not for the simple thing. The connective thing turns definitive in the compound thing, so that the ontology of Leibniz bets strongly for the simple thing, for the individual thing, as update of the infinitesimal thing.
17. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 19 > Issue: 37
Gregor Sauerwald Kant Resucitado: Junto a un Renacimiento de Hegel en las Últimas Generaciones de la Teoría Crítica
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En el contexto de la pregunta por el destino de la Teoría Crítica, la discusión entre Honneth y Habermas sobre el cambio en el paradigma de la Filosofía Política y Social con la tesis “de la comunicación al reco nocimiento” gira aquí en torno a una reconstrucción critica de la filosofía de Kant, un Kant ‘moderado’ en un modelo ‘explicativo’ o ‘hermenéutico’, y así ‘irrebasable’ del progreso moral, rompiendo su sistema, y un Kant ‘destrascendentalizado’, apto para fundamentar la necesidad de un diálogo entre la razón y la fe. ¿Por qué Kant y no Hegel, central este último para los dos filósofos alemanes en su superación de las aporías de la primera generación de la Teoria Critica? Pero ¿donde queda Marx, tan importante para los fundadores de la Escuela de Fráncfort? Y ¿no había exigido Habermas en 2009 con motivo del aniversarío de su discípulo, que Honneth, después de su viaje de Marx a Hegel, hiciera el necesario regreso? De tal maner a que en esta vuelta, Honneth trajera en su equipaje lo rescatable rescatado del Idealismo Alemán. Así la historia de la Teoría Critica queda inconclusa.
18. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 19 > Issue: 38
Lucas Díaz López El Uso Aristotélico de Variables en Lógica y sus Supuestos Ontológicos
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A logical reading on Aristotle’s Organon discovers some inconsistencies in the text which have to be solved by reducing them to metaphysical decisions of the author, if they are not just identified as deficiencies in the exposition that should be corrected. The present article tries to display a line of reading paying attention to those so-called inconsistencies, in an attempt to understand them as specific steps in Aristotle’s research. In order to this goal it focuses on the exposition procedure of the Aristotelian figures: the use of variables, whose introduction by Aristotle has been celebrated all over logical tradition. An analysis of the distinctive and internal features in this procedure will allow us to link Aristotle’s logos research and the “being qua being” investigation, and to determine also - though in a negative way - the connection between this reading and the logical-traditional one on Aristotle’s Organon.
19. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 19 > Issue: 38
Nuria Sánchez Madrid La Distribución de la Naturaleza Humana en Temperamentos: Modos de Sentir y Ejercicio de la Libertad en la Antropología en Sentido Pragmático de Kant
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The article tackles with the role that Kantian notion of temperament plays within his theory of practical freedom. With this purpose, we will connect Kant’s approach to temperaments with the classical Greek approach to this principle of classification, in order to recognize in it the means to feel the passage of time and also the conditions of our relation to the world, that is, a physiological-empirical background for the exercise of freedom that, without being moral, shelter contents which reason will only try to reform, without expecting to silence it entirely. Our final goal is to extract relevant observations to answer adequately to Kant’s question What is Man?
20. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 19 > Issue: 38
William Daros El Corte Epistemológico en Una Teoria Filosófica Sobre la Politica
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The philosophical point of view of Rawls is here analysed; and how Rawls’s philosophical position implies an epistemological cut with the classical conceptions that were joining the social contract to a determined natural idea of man or of society. In his proposal, the idea of Justice, in a society, is established in the fact that men accomplish a social pact fireely in itself, with another reasonable men, using various goods, and possessing equal politic rights. Rawls prefers not to choose the disjunctive “freedom or equality”; but for the option enunciated like “freedom and justice”. Equality is not a value as such in itself, yet contingent upon the idea of Justice. Nevertheless this justice from his social point of view is a politic justice. This is constituted freely for the associates, with equal rights, in a pact. His conception is not revolutionary in order to solve injustices right now historically established, but a progressive conception that utilizes the freedom to advance toward a fair equality, and here is now examined.