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1. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 47 > Issue: 2
Stanisław Wielgus Stanisław Wielgus
The Genesis and History of ius gentium in the Ancient World and the Middle Ages
Geneza i historia ius gentium w starożytności i w średniowieczu

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2. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 50 > Issue: 3
Dalia Marija Stanciene Dalia Marija Stanciene
Metaphysical Principles of Genesis
Metafizyczne zasady genezy

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3. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 50 > Issue: 3
Gintautas Vysniauskas Gintautas Vysniauskas
Potentiality as a Source of Becoming in Aristotelian Philosophy
Potencjalność jako ź ródło stawania się w filozofii Arystotelesa

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4. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 50 > Issue: 3
Jurate Morkuniene Jurate Morkuniene
Openness as a Social and Philosophical Task
Otwartość jako zadanie filozoficzne i społeczne

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5. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 50 > Issue: 3
Józef M. Życiński Józef M. Życiński
Metaphysical and Epistemplogical Presuppositions in Stephen Hawking’s Interpretation of the Creation of the Universe
Metafizyczne i epistemologiczne założenia w Stephena Hawkinga ujęciu kreacji wszechświata

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6. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 60 > Issue: 2
Adam Świeżyński Adam Świeżyński
The Concept of Miracle as an “Extraordinary Event”
Koncepcja cudu jako „zdarzenia niezwykłego”

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7. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 60 > Issue: 3
Jarosław Merecki Jarosław Merecki
Some Remarks on the Philosophy of Love in Dietrich von Hildebrand and Karol Wojtyla
Kilka uwag na temat filozofii miłości w ujęciu Dietricha von Hildebranda i Karola Wojtyły

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Tematem artykułu jest filozofia miłości rozwijana przez dwóch wybitnych fenomenologów wymienionych w tytule: Dietricha von Hildebranda i Karola Wojtyłę. Obydwaj korzystali w swoich badaniach z metody fenomenologicznej; celem artykułu jest pokazanie, że w obydwu wypadkach metoda ta prowadziła do podobnych rezultatów. Autor czyni to w trzech krokach. Po pierwsze, pokazuje, że miłość pojętą w sensie ogólnym obydwaj autorzy rozumieją jako odpowiedź na wartość osoby. W Lubelskiej Szkole Personalizmu zasada miłości została wyrażona w formule: persona est affirmanda propter seipsam, a treścią afirmacji, która jest należna osobie, jest miłość. W kategoriach von Hildebranda zasada ta wyrażona jest w sposób następujący: dobro osoby afirmowane jest poprzez obiektywne dobra dla osoby, które stanowią właściwą treść miłości. Po drugie, obydwaj autorzy wiele uwagi poświęcają tej specyficznej formie miłości, jaką jest miłość małżeńska. Podczas gdy mińość w sensie ogólnym stanowi odpowiedź na wyjątkową wartość osoby w stosunku do świata pozaosobowego, to miłość małżeńska jest odpowiedzią na wyjątkową wartość jednej osoby pośród wszystkich innych osób doświadczaną przez osobę płci przeciwnej. W tym sensie miłość małżeńska jest również specyficzną odpowiedzią na wartość. Po trzecie, doświadczenie miłości małżeńskiej pokazuje, że nie istnieje sprzeczność między wolnością a wzajemną przynależnością, co von Hildebrand wyraził w pojciu intentio unionis.
8. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 60 > Issue: 4
Kenneth W. Kemp “With Friends Like Those, Who Needs Enemies”: How Aggressive Atheism Impedes the Acceptance of Evolutionary Biology
9. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 60 > Issue: 4
Paweł Kawalec Paweł Kawalec
Moderately Pluralistic Methodology
Umiarkowanie pluralistyczna metodologia

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The paper outlines and discusses the major tenets of moderately pluralistic methodology. The latter is juxtaposed to J. Życiński’s principle of natural interdisciplinarity. It instantiates scientific pluralism as a domain-specific agenda for research. The symbolic and causal understanding are integrated in this methodological conception by means of a specific kind of counterfactual reasoning, which is coined the delimiting counterfactual. It makes the moderately pluralistic methodology applicable to non-experimental research.
10. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 61 > Issue: 1
Joanna Klara Teske Joanna Klara Teske
Moral Commitment of the Realistic, Modernist and Postmodern Novel
O moralnym zaangażowaniu powieści realistycznej, modernistycznej i postmodernistycznej

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The present paper discusses moral ideas expressed in the contemporary novel of the realistic, modernist and postmodern conventions. More precisely, it tries to define how the poetics of a given convention determines the novel’s ethical thought. It is argued that both the modernist and postmodern fiction, which are often perceived as amoral or relativist, are morally committed, though perhaps not as much as the realistic convention. The shape of this moral commitment is consistent with the dominant of each convention (epistemological in modernism and ontological in postmodernism). These theoretical considerations are subsequently illustrated with three case studies of Virginia Woolf’s novels (each of which represents a different convention). Throughout the whole essay the emphasis falls on the meaning of the novelistic form, i.e. on the way that the novel’s form conveys the novel’s interpretation of reality.
11. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 61 > Issue: 4
Deborah Savage Deborah Savage
The Centrality of Lived Experience in Wojtyla’s Account of the Person
Fundamentalne znaczenie przeżycia w Karola Wojtyły ujęciu osoby

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The aim of this paper is to illuminate the centrality of lived experience in Karol Wojytla’s account of the person and identify its significance for philosophy and praxis in the contemporary period. Specifically the author intends to pursue the meaning of Wojtyla’s claim that “the category of lived experience must have a place in anthropology and ethics—and somehow be at the center of their respective interpretations.” The paper seeks to recover an important insight into the task of philosophy: according to Karol Wojtyla, if philosophy is to perform its essential function in the recovery of our culture, we have no choice but to turn our attention to the subjectivity of human persons—and this can only be done by taking up the somewhat risky challenge of studying the reality of lived human experience. The paper will analyze Wojtyla’s argument that the problem of human subjectivity is at the epicenter of debates about the human person and will argue that his solution reconciles the dilemma posed by the historical antinomies that have characterized anthropology and epistemology, viz., the “objective” or ontological view of the human being and the “subjectivism” often associated with the philosophy of consciousness, and their corollaries, realism and idealism.At least in the English speaking context, where the validity of individual experience has risen to the level of almost dogmatic significance for social and political life, Father Wojtyla’s claim appears either to have gone unnoticed or to have been rejected. And perhaps, at least on the surface, this is not without reason. The modern interest in human subjectivity is blamed for many contemporary maladies, including subjectivism, relativism and the pride of place now given to any individual point of view, no matter how ill informed. Claims about the existence of truth or an objective moral order often cannot find a foothold when confronted with the argument that such realities do not resonate with a particular individual’s personal “experience.” The priority given to subjective personal experience in determining what constitutes right thinking and moral human behavior, assuming that question is even asked, is now a commonplace assumption; it is something alternately deplored or celebrated both by intellectuals and the “man on the street.”Given this situation, that a philosopher of Father Wojtyla’s stature and obvious moral authority should make such an argument is a matter of critical importance, especially for those who seek to ground human action in objective moral norms in an era where an arguably flawed account of human subjectivity clearly has taken center stage. The paper shows that Wojtyla is not adverting to experience as an adjunct to moral relativism or personal preference as an approach to questions of the true and the good. On the contrary, the author shows that the philosopher Karol Wojtyla provides a way to remain grounded in the metaphysical and ontological categories that not only comprise our intellectual heritage, but refer to real and profound truths, while simultaneously accounting for the subjectivity and dynamism of the person. The paper concludes with an argument that this account provides a key hermeneutical device for understanding the enormous importance of the work of Pope John Paul II.
12. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 61 > Issue: 4
Adam Gadoski Adam Gadoski
On Some Striking Example of Jan Czochralski, and His Scientific Achievements, Allowing to Underline His Year 2013 in Poland
Na temat uderzającego przypadku Jana Czochralskiego i jego osiągnięć naukowych pozwalających podkreślić ważność roku 2013 dla upamiętnienia tej postaci

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A question has been addressed, and then partly answered, namely, to what degree Jan Czochralski, an eminent and well-recognized abroad Polish crystallographer, chemist, and metallurgist, also a material (metal) scientist, should, when based on his achievements in research, belong to (physicochemical) metallurgy, or ought to be recognized rather as a (“pure”) chemist, working in a chemical fashion with metals and their impurities-containing alloys. The actual ground for trying to answer the intriguing question, relies on the fact that he performed his research entirely within physicochemical, or specifically, mechanochemical metallurgy of complex as well as very practical material systems that he was able to resolve successfully by his treatments. Its has been attempted to show that his type of research should be described as interdisciplinary, thus, being synergistically intermingled amongst a few crossdisciplines of technological and basic research. Astonishingly, his historical-context sensitive life, can also be viewed as the one being well networked amongst many areas of his activity, drawing him as inventor, university professor, owner, investor, art supporter, philanthropist, as well as some truly modest poetry author, or finally, husband and father of three children.
13. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 61 > Issue: 4
Antoni Szwed Freedom as an Uncertain Cause in Graham Greene’s Novels: A Philosophical and Literary Analysis
14. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 62 > Issue: 2
Ewa Odoj Ewa Odoj
Is “The Presumption of Atheism” in Fact a Neutral Procedure?: A Critical Examination of Antony Flew’s Position
Czy „domniemanie ateizmu” jest faktycznie neutralną procedurą?

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This article examines the concept of “The Presumption of Atheism” by Antony Flew. Flew claims that at the beginning of a debate on the existence of God we should adopt a standpoint of atheism and the opus of proof lies on the theists. I question different requirements that Flew puts on the representatives of theism and atheism. In responding, I raise an epistemological issue concerning how strong evidence for a particular belief should be in order for one to hold that belief. I claim that this depends on a subject’s circumstances and on his or her individual conditions. By means of these deliberations I try to reveal how various persons could reasonably demand from a theistic belief a different degree of probability than they do from an atheistic one. This shows, I think, that Flew’s procedure does not have to be rational for others, although it could be in his own case.
15. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 62 > Issue: 3
Urszula Czyżewska, Grzegorz Głąb Urszula Czyżewska
Robert Louis Stevenson Philosophically: Dualism and Existentialism within the Gothic Convention
Robert Louis Stevenson filozoficznie

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Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886) has often been regarded as a direct text in its dealings with a multi-dimensional conception of dualism, insecurity, anxiety and weakness. In the constrained moral atmosphere of Victorian England, where such issues were consciously or even intentionally avoided, the novel seemed to be articulating difficult themes about which society preferred to remain silent. A specific literary tradition, the history of Great Britain, scientific discoveries and lively, scientific debates of the 19th-century are ones of the most significant factors which make The Strange Case so original and memorable.The study poses a number of questions: Why does the history of the double return? What is a meaning of a double in a given context? What is so significant about this concept that it has inspired many others successors (e.g. Stephen King’s The Dark Half, 1989)? Why this motif is so popular? The project of delivering the answers to these questions in a one paper is not straightforward. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is limited to presentation and analysis of a conditionof men in the face of emerging Modernism with a close reference to philosophical ideas of the turn of the century. On such basis, it investigates the foundations of Stevensonian philosophy of dualism.
16. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 62 > Issue: 4
Adam P. Kubiak, Piotr Lipski Adam P. Kubiak
Getting Straight on How Russell Underestimated Frege
O tym, w jaki sposób Russell nie docenił Fregego

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Bertrand Russell in his essay On Denoting [1905] presented a theory of description developed in response to the one proposed by Gottlob Frege in his paper Über Sinn und Bedeutung [1892]. The aim of our work will be to show that Russell underestimated Frege three times over in presenting the latter’s work: in relation to the Gray’s Elegy argument, to the Ferdinand argument, and to puzzles discussed by Russell. First, we will discuss two claims of Russell’s which do not do justice to Frege: that we speak of a sense by means of quotation marks, and that all Frege does to cope with phrases that might denote nothing is define an arbitrary object as their reference. Second, we will show that Russell omitted the fact that Frege’s theory provided some answers for the puzzles presented by Russell in his essay.
17. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 62 > Issue: 4
Marian Kurdziałek, Hugh McDonald Mediaeval Doctrines on Man as Image of the World
18. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 63 > Issue: 1
Ibo van de Poel, Eulalia Smuga-Fries Teaching Ethics to Engineering Students: Interview with Professor Ibo van de Poel Made on 25th September, 2014 at the Technical University of Delft by Eulalia Smuga-Fries during Her Internship There
19. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 63 > Issue: 2
Agnieszka Kijewska Agnieszka Kijewska
Mystical Interpretation of the Exile and Return to Paradise in Eriugena’s Periphyseon
Mistyczna interpretacja wygnania i powrotu do raju w Periphyseon Eriugeny

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Over the recent years we have welcomed a number of significant publications (in particular the contributions by Peter T. Struck and Mikołaj Domaradzki) highlighting the importance of allegory and allegorical interpretation in ancient literary culture. The allegorical approach to literary text identifies the literary work as a puzzle, the solving of which introduces the reader to a profounder kind of knowledge, a knowledge that is hidden from the eyes of the “uninitiated.” This kind of interpretation implies a special understanding of the function of language, which “by revealing— conceals”. Allegorical interpretation assumed paramount importance in Neoplatonism, the philo- sophy which attributed religious functions to the philosophical endeavor of man (such functions as assimilation to God and return to man’s (spiritual) fatherland). The most salient features of the Neo- platonic allegorism have been presented by Peter T. Stuck in his article Allegory and ascent in Neoplatonism complete with the account of the role attributed to allegory as a guide along the path leading to mystical union.In this article attention has been focused upon those elements of the Neoplatonic allegorical exegesis, which may be of use in exploring the specifics of Eriugena’s interpretation of the themes of the exile from and return to the paradise.
20. Roczniki Filozoficzne: Volume > 63 > Issue: 2
Tomasz Stępień Tomasz Stępień
The Understanding of Symbols and Their Role in the Ascent of the Soul to God in Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite and Nicholas of Cusa
Rozumienie symboli i ich roli w drodze duszy ku Bogu u Pseudo-Dionizego Areopagity i Mikołaja z Kuzy

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This article considers the issue of changes in the understanding of symbols as an integral part of spiritual life in Neoplatonic philosophy. It seems that ancient Neoplatonic philosophers were the first who clearly realized the importance of symbols to spiritual life. However, it happened due to the influence of the mystical Chaldean and Egyptian thought transferred to philosophical investigation by the Chaldean oracles and Corpus hermeticum. The late Neoplatonic thought of Iamblichus and Eastern Neoplatonic schools used symbols and rituals as integral parts of philosophical investigation, understood as having a mystical goal. Especially mathematical symbols played a significant role, because they were used in the most advanced theurgical rituals. This analysis of the pagan Neoplatonic philosophy permits us to show properly the thought of Pseudo- Dionysius the Areopagite, who creatively transformed the teaching of his pagan predecessors, by incorporating ancient Neoplatonic tradition into Christian theology. Pseudo-Dionysius excludes liturgical symbols from the order of the cosmos and transfers them to the plane of Salvation grounded in Biblical Revelation. Only true symbols are used in the liturgy of the Church, and thus mathematical symbols are no longer needed in the ascent of the soul to unity with God. The third part analyzes the meaning of symbolism in the thought of Nicolas of Cusa. Thanks to the rediscovery of ancient pagan Neoplatonism and Pythagorean thought, Cusanus also brings new life to the mystical meaning of mathematics. Mathematical symbols once again become an im- portant part of the mystical ascent of the soul, but this time without their ritual context.