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101. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 21
Ferruccio Andolfi, Adriana Veríssimo Serrão A Ponderada Obsessão de Jean-Marie Guyau
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Nell'Abbozzo di una morale senza obbligo né sanzione Guyau anticipa la tendenza dell'etica contemporanea a spostare l’accento dal dovere alla responsabilità rispetto alle risorse che si posseggono. Il saggio ricostruisce la formazione di questa originale proposta a partire dai confronti con lo stoicismo e l'epicureismo, con i moralisti inglesi e specialmente con l’autonomia kantiana, che Guyau approfondisce e supera in nome di un’«anomia» che implica la moltiplicazione e la varietà degli ideali individuali. L'autore si sofferma a considerara il significato congetturale dell’«ipotesi metafísica» dell'espansione della vita, che oltrepassa l’ambito dei principi, socialmente utili, di conservazione della vita e costituisce il livello più alto della moralità individuale. La portata «altruistica» dell'espansione della vita viene chiarita attraverso un confronto con l'idea di «volontà di potenza», che Nietzsche, nelle note critiche poste a margine dell'Esquisse, avvicina ma oppone all'idea di «dépense» sostenuta dal filosofo francese. Quest'idea non conforta l'aspettativa spenceriana di un'affermazione incondizionata, nel futuro, dell'istinto sociale altruistico: per Guyau l'uomo conserva il privilegio, e la condanna, di dover sempre ragiona re (raisonner) i propri desideri.
102. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 21
José Barata-Moura Do Revolucionamento como Moléstia, uma Descosida Releitura de Ortega y Gasset
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Le philosophe espagnol José Ortega y Gasset a exposé quelques lignes de sa conception de l’histoire dans une série de conférences tenues a Lisbonne, en 1944, sur le thème « La raison historique ». L’auteur de cet article montre comment, chez Ortega, soit le sens général de l’histoire soit en particulier ses idées sur l’avenir de l’Europe se rattachent directement à sa philosophie de la vie, mettant en même temps en évidence ses jugements critiques sur la révolution, la contradiction et la dialectique.
103. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 21
Carlos Morujão Religião, Cultura e Sociedade em Über Dante in Philosophischer Beziehung, de Fr. W. J. Schelling
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Cet article prend pour point de départ les rapports entre religion, art et politique dans les écrits schellingiens de la période de la philosophie de l’identité, en particulier l'Essai sur Dante, de 1803. Il examine le programme schellingien (qui fût aussi celui de toute une génération) de constitution d’une religion esthétique - dans ses dimensions philosophique et politique, aussi bien que religieuse - et avance quelques réponses à la question de son échec et de son abandon.
104. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 21
Paulo A. E. Borges Ser Ateu Graças a Deus ou de como ser Pobre é não Haver Menos que o Infinito: A-teísmo, A-teologia e An-arquia Mística no Sermão "Beati Pauperes Spiritu..." de Mestre Eckhart
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This paper comments Eckhart’s sermon “Beati pauperes spiritu...” , trying to show how the inner sense of spiritual poverty, the first of the blessednesses, is finally to reassume the uncreated plenitude, or the Deity (Gottheit), previous to the production of God (Gott) and the world, as correlatives of the free self-creation of the subject. To want nothing, to know nothing and to own nothing, indeed to be nothing, is thus a deconstitution of the subject which frees him from himself, from God and from everything, in returning to the absolute. The mystical fruition of that absolute than assumes an a-theist, a-theological and an-archic meaning, as it suspends the divinisation of the primordial and its representation as an hegemonic and extrinsical principle. Zero degree of being, renunciation of all limitations of existence, extreme poverty is here the absolute wealth of being no more than the Infinite.
105. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 21
João Maria André Uma Suprema Alegria: Escritos Sobre Espinosa
106. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 21
Renato Epifânio Repertório de Bibliografia Filosófica Portuguesa (1988-2002)
107. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 21
Boletim do Centro de Filosofia
108. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 22
Viriato Soromenho-Marques Abertura
109. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 22
Ernesto Castro Leal Nacionalism o e Federalismo, Tópicos de Pensamento Político Português No 1.° Quartel do Século XX
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This paper aims the systematisation of historical dynamics and political conceptualisations around Portuguese nationalism and federalism, between 1901 and 1926. Used by several doctrinists and political programmes as ideological references, such concepts have suffered multiple appropriations. To be stressed is the doctrinal diversity of the Portuguese nationalism, strongly influenced by an epoch determined by the emergence of European nationalisms and the struggle among hegemonic powers. Inside them, according to Fernand Braudel, «violent units» were manifest but condemned to failure, since «violence was never enough for anyone to take control over the whole European household».
110. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 22
José Barata-Moura A Cidadania Como Cultivo
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Se développant autour du problème de la citoyenneté, l’article soutient qu’il s’agit moins d’un statut fixe que d’un processus de construction, c’est-à-dire, d’une affaire de culture. Plusieurs de ces connexions fortes entre les deux concepts sont ici présentées sous la forme d’énoncés: a) la citoyenneté doit être comprise en tant qu’œuvre de culture; b) la citoyenneté n’existe que dans un cadre de culture où elle peut s’exercer; c) les déterminations de la citoyenneté sont à son tour enrichies par les possibilités de la culture.
111. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 22
Raquel Kritsch Política e Jurisprudência: O Conceito de Soberania em Dois Movimentos
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Le propos de l’article c’est d’analyser la formation et l’évolution du concept de souveraineté, concernant essentiellement les siècles XII-XIV, une période au long de laquelle il est progressivement configuré. La thèse fondamentale de l’auteur consiste précisément dans l’affirmation selon laquelle les questions inhérentes à la souveraineté sont simultanément politiques et juridiques, liaison intrinsèque qui transparaît dans les deux moments essentiels de la construction du concept de souveraineté : le premier se rapportant avec la question de la distribution des juridictions strictu sensu, c’est-à-dire, avec la définition de l’entité dont la mission est de faire accomplir la loi en tant que telle; le second qui signale l’apparition d’un sens plus large du concept de juridiction - légitimité de créer, de changer et de révoquer les normes - associée à l’idée de pouvoir législatif dans une acception moderne. Cette construction en deux mouvements est analysée dans des auteurs fondamentaux de cette période depuis les canonistes du XIII siècle jusqu’à Guillaume d’Ockham, passant par Saint Thomas d'Aquin et Jean Quidort, entre autres.
112. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 22
Alexandre Franco de Sá Sobre a Terra e Sobre o Mar: Algumas Reflexões sobre a Criminalização da Guerra
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The present article tries to consider the present circumstances of the phenomenon of war starting from an opposition between Carl Schmitt and Michael Walzer. Starting from the essential link between jus ad bellum and jus in bello, the author tries to analyse the kind of war that arises from the crisis of jus ad bellum: a war reduced to self defence, based on enemy’s criminalization and justified as a police action with humanitarian rhetoric. Based on that analysis, he argues that the inevitable consequence of taking away the jus belli from sovereign power is the increasing of war’s intensity and violence itself.
113. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 22
José Gomes André James Madison e a Protecção dos Direitos Individuais: Em Torno da Criação da Carta de Direitos Federal Norte-Americana
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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the contribution of Statesman James Madison - in its theoretical and practical component - to the solution of a classical problem of Political Philosophy: how is it possible to guarantee the protection of citizens within a political project that deeply involves them? First, we will consider Madison’s theoretical contributions, examining his letters, political writings and speeches; secondly, we will analyse his participation in the discussion and framing of the American Bill of Rights (1791), there by trying to widerstand the reasons for its success and how important Madison’s procedures and observations were in accomplishing it.
114. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 22
Adriano Moreira O Federalista
115. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 22
José Alberto Loureiro dos Santos Da Natureza E Relevância do Pensamento Estratégico
116. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 22
Manuel J. do Carmo Ferreira As Teias que as Mulheres Tecem
117. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 22
Maria Luísa Ribeiro Ferreira Looking for Spinoza
118. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 11 > Issue: 22
Boletim do Centro de Filosofia
119. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 12 > Issue: 23
Pedro Braga Falcão O ‘Deus’ em Heraclito ou dos Deuses ao Deus
120. Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy: Volume > 12 > Issue: 23
Ana Maria Bijóias Mendonça Vergílio Ferreira e María Zambrano ou uma Estética do “Exílio”
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De um modo sucinto e claro, pretendemos abordar a figura do exílio como força motriz, aglutinadora, e porque não, omnipresente na obra literária e filosófica dos autores que nos propomos agora tratar. Com efeito, forçada a abandonar Espanha em 1939 juntamente com outros intelectuais, rumo a um doloroso exílio de quarenta e cinco anos, María Zambrano matura, a partir desta condição (e por causa dela?) as que serão linhas mestras do seu pensamento. Vergílio Ferreira viveu, se assim se pode chamar, um exílio de carácter mais “metafórico”. Não obstante, tomou para si também o desconforto e a des-pertença dos que não têm um lugar próprio, ou dos que o perderam. Os se us livros, escritos ao sabor da memória (e de memórias), procuram, buscam, escavam quase arqueologicamente um tempo feliz de raízes, um espaço topofílico perdido.