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Displaying: 141-160 of 216 documents

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141. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 7 > Issue: 1
Sonja Rinofner-Kreidl On Grief’s Ambiguous Nature
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The dominant view on grieving processes throughout the twentieth century was based on the idea that grief ’s purpose is to loosen and finally sever the bonds with the deceased in order to set oneself free (free to enter new relationships). An expanded view, which aims at a more complete and more complex understanding of grief, corrected the former approach by arguing in favor of continuing bonds. The expanded view certainly fits better the meaning of attachment relations in human life. So-called disenfranchised grief nonetheless reveals additional normative constraints in terms of (culturally varying) social control mechanisms taking effect with regard to expressions of grief. The present paper argues that duly considering the complex and ambiguous nature of grief, as well as its transformative power, requires challenging the standard view of disenfranchised grief. I propose an expanded view that is based on the idea that proponents of the standard view have failed to inquire into the equivocal meaning of a common conversation about “coping with grief ” (getting over it vs. getting along with it). Arguing in favor of an expanded account of disenfranchised grief by following the second reading (“getting along with grief ”) then requires acknowledging the inseparability of grief ’s existential depth and social implications. With a view to this inseparability, it is argued that coping with grief is a public (or even political) affair instead of a merely private experience.
142. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 7 > Issue: 2
Charles Joshua Horn Leibniz’s Ripples: The Continuing Relevance of the Last Great Polymath
143. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 7 > Issue: 2
Stephen Napier “Because I Said So!”: Leibniz on Moral Knowledge via Testimony
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Most philosophers will grant that on some issues and in some circumstances, we can acquire knowledge from another. But when it comes to moral knowledge, the presumption is on the side of autonomy; we must not rely on others for our moral beliefs. I argue here for the surprising thesis that in some circumstances we must rely on others in order to acquire moral knowledge. I believe that this, or something trivially different, is a position that Leibniz would hold. When woven together, his comments on teaching, authority, errors of conscience, and testimony provide concrescent support for this surprising thesis.
144. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 7 > Issue: 2
Christopher P. Noble On Analogies in Leibniz’s Philosophy: Scientific Discovery and the Case of the “Spiritual Automaton"
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This paper analyzes Leibniz’s use of analogies in both natural philosophical and metaphysical contexts. Through an examination of Leibniz’s notes on scientific methodology, I show that Leibniz explicitly recognizes the utility of analogies as heuristic tools that aid us in conceiving unfamiliar theoretical domains. I further argue that Leibniz uses the notion of a self-moving machine or automaton to help capture the activities of the immaterial soul. My account helps resist the conventional image of Leibniz as an arch-rationalist unconcerned with methods of empirical discovery and contributes to ongoing discussions on the nature of immaterial substance and mind in Leibniz.
145. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 7 > Issue: 2
Saša Stanković “Contingency, Imperfection and Evil”: Leibniz’s Conception of Freedom
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Leibniz argues in the Theodicy that three conditions must be satisfied for a human being to be free. These are intelligence, spontaneity and contingency. While both intelligence and spontaneity present their own unique issues, the condition of contingency constitutes the most difficult problem in Leibniz’s metaphysical corpus. In this paper, I focus on this problem. I argue that Leibniz offers a successful account of contingency. First, I explain what Leibniz means by contingency in the context of his discussion of freedom. Second, I argue that the standard interpretation of the problem of contingency, the theory of internal possibility, is unsuccessful. Third, I offer an original interpretation of contingency in terms of Leibniz’s ideas about simple imperfection and original limitation of all creatures. Finally, I demonstrate that Leibniz relies on the latter notion of contingency in his understanding of moral agency.
146. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 7 > Issue: 2
Charles Joshua Horn Leibniz’s Contemporary Modal Theodicy
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In this essay, it is argued that Leibniz’s theodicy is even stronger than it might first appear, but only if we also take into account his super-essentialism, the view that every property of a substance is essential to it, and theory of compossibility, the notion that possible worlds are intrinsically possible just in case they are compossible—that is, they are internally consistent. After describing how we should understand these principles in Leibniz’s thought, I argue that although there are obvious cases of evil in the best of all possible worlds, if such cases of evil did not occur, then the overall goodness of the actual world be diminished. Due to the unique nature of his solution to the problem of evil, Leibniz remains an important interlocutor even today in metaphysics, theology, and philosophy of religion.
147. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 7 > Issue: 2
Chloe Armstrong Leibniz and Lewis on Modal Metaphysics and Fatalism
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Although the philosophical systems of G. W. Leibniz and David Lewis both feature possible worlds, the ways in which their systems are similar and dissimilar are ultimately surprising. At first glance, Leibniz’s modal metaphysics might strike us as one of the most contemporarily relevant aspects of his system. But I clarify in this paper major interpretive problems that result from understanding Leibniz’s system in terms of contemporary views (like Lewis’s, for instance). Specifically, I argue that Leibniz rejects the inference that if something is possible, it therefore occurs in some possible world. This discussion highlights how Leibniz’s account of individual substance (with his strict notion of identity) constrains his modal theorizing and produces fatalistic threats. I then make an unexpected connection between Leibniz’s and Lewis’s systems by showing that Leibniz’s treatment of fatalism bears similarities to the response Lewis gives to the fatalist when considering the paradoxes of time travel.
148. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 7 > Issue: 2
Lloyd Strickland Leibniz vs. Transmigration: A Previously Unpublished Text from the Early 1700s
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In this paper, I analyze a previously unpublished Leibniz text from the early 1700s. I give it the title “On Unities and Transmigration” since it contains an outline of his doctrine of unities and an examination of the doctrine of transmigration. The text is valuable because in it Leibniz considers three very specific versions of transmigration that he does not address elsewhere in his writings; these are (1) where a soul is released by the destruction of its body and is then free to pass into another body, (2) where souls are exchanged without any destruction of bodies, and (3) where human souls (minds) are exchanged, again without any destruction of bodies. I show that when tackling these three versions of transmigration in “On Unities and Transmigration,” Leibniz develops a series of objections that are not found anywhere else in his published writings, despite his lifelong opposition to the doctrine of transmigration. This paper is completed by two appendices, the first of which presents the previously unpublished “On Unities and Transmigration” text in full, in the original French (with all deletions indicated), while the second presents its English translation.
149. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 7 > Issue: 2
Samuel Murray Leibnizian Deliberation
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Leibniz is an eclectic and ecumenical philosopher. He often worked out philosophical positions that reconciled seemingly opposed theoretical systems and chastised people for rejecting certain views too quickly. In this paper, I describe one episode of Leibnizian reconciliation. My target is the phenomenon of deliberation. Traditionally, philosophers have offered two different accounts of deliberation based on two different accounts of the compatibility of freedom and determinism. Leibniz, I argue, cannot accept either account because of his broader theoretical commitments. This leads Leibniz to formulate an interesting account of deliberation that adopts certain elements from each account while excising the untoward aspects of each one. I outline the various mechanisms involved in deliberation on Leibniz’s view and show how deliberation fits into a broader theory of free action. I close with an assessment of whether Leibniz in fact succeeds in offering an account of deliberation that is distinct from the traditional positions.
150. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 8 > Issue: 1
M. T. Lu The Philosophical Foundations of Distributism: Catholic Social Teaching and the Principle of Subsidiarity
151. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 8 > Issue: 1
Patrick Toner Editor’s Introduction
152. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 8 > Issue: 1
John J. Davenport Four Moral Grounds for the Wide Distribution of Capital Endowment Goods
153. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 8 > Issue: 1
Charles Taliaferro The Philosophically Peculiar Members of a Distributist Culture: An Essay in Chestertonian Platonism
154. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 8 > Issue: 1
Chris Tollefsen Distributism and Natural Law
155. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 8 > Issue: 1
J. Cuddeback Technology as a Threat to Ordinary Human Life in Households Today
156. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 8 > Issue: 1
Patrick Toner Is Distributism Agrarian?
157. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 9 > Issue: 1
Eduardo Echeverria The Splendor of Truth in Fides et Ratio
158. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 9 > Issue: 1
Matthew McWhorter Transcultural Moral Truth in Veritatis Splendor and Fides et Ratio: Resources for Discerning Revisionist Concerns
159. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 9 > Issue: 1
Randall G. Colton Editor’s Introduction
160. Quaestiones Disputatae: Volume > 9 > Issue: 1
Alice M. Ramos Martyrdom, Truth, and Trust