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161. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 1
Alexei A. Sharov Pragmaatika ja biosemiootika. Kokkuvõte
162. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 1
Mihhail Lotman Omailm ja semiosfäär. Kokkuvõte
163. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 1
Stefan Artmann Semiootilise määramatuse kolm tüüpi Monod’ kaasaegse bioloogia filosoofias. Kokkuvõte
164. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 1
Frederik Stjernfelt Tractatus Hoffmeyerensis: Biosemiotics as expressed in 22 basic hypotheses
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This paper briefly outlines the main ideas of biosemiotics in 22 hypotheses, with special regards to the version of it claimed by Jesper Hoffmeyer.
165. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 1
Edwina Taborsky Energy and evolutionary semiosis
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This paper sets up a thought-experiment that examines the transformation of energy into codified mass. This transformation is understood as a semiosic action of interpretation. The semiosic action is analyzed within five “predicate” or “verbal modes” which establish different processes of transformation or interpretation. These “predicate modes”, which are sign processes, take place in different areas of reality, the external realm and the internal realm. The external realm is composed of discrete objects and their interactions. Its processes are examined within classical mechanics and this paper posits a semiosic codification that is unique to these external processes. The internal realm is a holistic endoperspective with no recognition of discrete objects. Its processes are examined within quantum and field processes and this paper posits a semiosic codification that is unique to the internal processes. However, rather than promoting one or the other realm as a valid interpretation of reality, this paper suggests that both the external and internal energy-mass processes are necessary components of our universe.
166. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 1
Luis Emilio Bruni Kas ‘kvoorumitaju’ kujutab endast uut tüüpi bioloogilist informatsiooni? Kokkuvõte
167. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 1
Alexei A. Sharov Pragmatics and biosemiotics
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Pragmatics, i.e., a system of values (or goals) in agent behavior, marks the boundary between physics and semiotics. Agents are defined as systems that are able to control their behavior in order to increase their values. The freedom of actions in agents is based on the distinction between macrocharacters that describe the state or stage, and micro-characters that are interpreted as memory. Signs are arbitrarily established relations between micro- and macro-characters that are anticipated to be useful for agents. Three kinds of elementary signs (action, perception, and association) have been developed in agents via evolution and learning to support useful and flexible behaviors. The behavior of agents can be explained, predicted, and modified using the optimality principle, according to which agents select those actions that are expected to increase their value. However, agents may select actions based on their own model of the world, which have to be reconstructed in order to predict their behavior. Pragmatics in agents can be induced, learned from individual experience or natural selection, or adopted.
168. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 1
Dominique Lestel Inimese ja looma vaheline suhtlemine, keel, evolutsioon. Kokkuvõte
169. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 1
Stefan Artmann Three types of semiotic indeterminacy in Monod’s philosophy of modern biology
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Synthesizing important research traditions in information theory, structuralist semiotics, and generative linguistics, at least three main types of semiotic indeterminacy must be distinguished: Kolmogorov’s notion of randomness defined as sequential incompressibility, de Saussure’s principle of contingency of sign which ensures the possibility of translation between different sign systems, and Chomsky’s idea of indefiniteness in generative mechanisms as a requirement for the explanation of semiotic creativity. These types of semiotic indeterminacy form an abstract system useful for the description of concrete sign processes in their syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic dimension. In his philosophical reflections on modern biology, Jacques Monod used the conceptual opposition chance versus necessity to analyse several phenomena of indeterminacy (especially in molecular biology). The biosemiotic approach to life permits to apply the suggestedsystem of semiotic indeterminacy on these phenomena.
170. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 1
Claus Emmeche, Jesper Hoffmeyer, Kalevi Kull Editors’ comment
171. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 1
Tom Ziemke Tähenduse epigeneesist robotitel ja organismidel: kas inimsarnasel robotil võiks areneda inim(sarnane)-omailm? Kokkuvõte
172. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 1
Abir U. Igamberdiev Bioloogiline evolutsioon — semiootiliselt piiratud keerukuse kasv. Kokkuvõte
173. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 2
Peet Lepik Universalismist ühenduses maagia käsitusega Juri Lotmani semiootikas
174. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 2
Juri Lotman Mask in an artistic world of Gogol, and the masks of Anatoli Kaplan
175. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 2
Peeter Torop Translation as translating as culture
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The most common difficulty in translation studies has traditionally been the dilemma between the historical and synchronic approaches in the analysis and description of the culture of translation. On the one hand the culture of translation might be presented as the sum of various kinds of translated texts (repertoire of culture), on the other hand it might be described as the hierarchy of the various types of translations themselves. The first approach assumes plenty of languages for such description, in the latter one suggests only one language for the same representation. A cultural critic faces the same problems. In these perspectives the translation reveals important mechanisms of the performance of culture. First of all it is the semiotic interpretation of the theory of translation, introduced by the number of scientists beginning with R. Jakobson and including U. Eco who put together interlinguistic, intra-linguistic, and inter-semiotic translations, so crucial for the further understanding of culture. As a result, the general notion of culture might be described as the process of total translation. And secondly, the othervaluable contribution to the theory of translation has been made by both M. Bakhtin and J. Lotman in terms of the synthesis of two traditions in semiotics of culture resulted in juxtaposing such notions as dialogism and autonomy — creolization, polyphony, counterword, and translation.
176. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 2
Marina Grishakova Towards the semiotics of the observer
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The problem of the observer and point of view is examined within the broad semiological and cognitive perspective. Structuralist narratology made an attempt of a formal-linguistic classification of points of view to avoid anthropomorphic-visual connotations inherent in narratological terminology. The alternative opportunity would be the usage of terms-metaphors as theoretical models. From the point of view of the observer, the process of text generation evolves in the double space of perception/conception and interpretation. Instead of comparing different media in terms of the privileged metalanguage, it would be more fruitful to base the comparison upon their immanent cognitive characteristics.
177. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 2
Kalevi Kull Copenhagen, Tartu, world: Gatherings in biosemiotics 2002
178. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 2
Julia Kristeva Thinking about literary thought
179. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 2
Kestutis Nastopka Kaks lähenemist linnaloomise müüdile: süntagmaatika ja paradigmaatika. Kokkuvõte
180. Sign Systems Studies: Volume > 30 > Issue: 2
Mikhail Gasparov Intertekstuaalne analüüs tänapäeval. Kokkuvõte