The goal of our paper is to explore whether it is possible to develop an investment policy on the basis of Jewish legal and ethical principles. After discussing the Jewish approach to ethics and investing, the paper will explore whether a Jew has any legal or ethical obligations with respect to his or her corporate investments and, if so, which Jewish principles should guide investing activity. Finally, the paper will discuss the challenges that may arise in the efforts to establish a Jewish ethical investment model.

This paper proposes a framework for analysing corporate philanthropy along the dimensions of business/ society interest and internal/ external stakeholder focus. The utility of the framework is then tested in order to understand business involvement with the Arts in the UKThe framework identifies three broad types of involvement - advertisers, legitimises and stakeholder management - the last group with the potential to be regarded as corporate citizens.

The aim of this research is to investigate consumer perceptions of environmental labeling on fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) across EU countries. The four countries that were selected in order to begin this research are UK, France, Greece and Sweden. Findings suggest that there is a lot of suspicion and confusion amongst consumers about the different kind of labeling schemes manufacturers use. However consumers welcome environmental declarations and information by companies only if that information is backed up by concrete actions and therefore is verifiable.

This paper utilizes examples of ecotourism to stimulate research and discussion on the need for regulation in corporate environmental change. Management literature on corporate environmental change is examined and the limitations of voluntary change are highlighted using the example of ecotourism. It is argued in this paper that voluntary environmental change is not necessarily the most effective alternative and that the lack of regulation in the ecotourism industry has lead to the misuse of the term.

Differences in assumptions concerning what voluntary initiatives are and what they do influence the evaluation of their potential role as instruments of public policy and corporate strategy. Three distinct models - self regulation, private regulation, and civil regulation - have emerged in the literature on voluntary environmental initiatives. In practice, voluntary environmental initiatives exhibit characteristics of all three of these perspectives. Recognizing the contributions from each model may lead to the design of voluntary environmental initiatives that are significantly more effective than existing policy tools.

This paper begins with a brief summary of the different approaches that have previously been taken in recycling research. It goes on to suggest a re-framing of the problem of how to increase public participation in recycling schemes aimed at household waste. A description of a study aimed at unpacking the domestic nature of recycling follows. The paper concludes with a presentation of preliminary results and a discussion of the further analysis and research questions suggested by these results.

A global network involving foreign governments, NGOs, and retailers has, since the mid 1990s, pressured Brazil’s export-oriented shoe industry to eradicate child labor. In response, a collaborative organization of shoe manufacturers in Franca, a center for men’s leather shoe production in Brazil, has adopted a variety of programs widely believed to have eliminated child labor in the affiliated firms. However, the lack of coordination between the leaders of this collaborative effort and the rest of the community leave open the possibility that the displaced young workers may have found even more hazardous jobs in non-affiliated shoe firms or in other industries.

We develop a series of propositions regarding drivers of proactive environmental behavior. A grounded theory method, including interviews and focus groups of winery managers and other institutional agents, is used to test these propositions. Finally, we develop a conceptual framework illustrating the relevance and relative importance of certain drivers in determining proactive environmental behavior.

Fair / Alternative Trade Organizations globally fmd themselves at a crucial stage in their evolution. The space once solely occupied by fair trade is increasingly being competed for by mainstream ‘socially responsible’ companies. This paper reviews ‘convergence’ in the sphere of socially responsible business and raises some issues where a business and society approach might help us understand the future of fair trade.

This session explored the topic of globalization from a variety of disciplinary perspectives or spectacles. The presenters shared their experiences in a colloquium series at the University of Kansas titled, "Globalization, Ethics, and Culture" and engaged in discussion with other IABS members interested in apprehending the elephant known as globalization. The session included (1) an overview and some background on globalization; (2) descriptions of perspectives adopted by scholars in disciplines such as economics, philosophy, psychology, law, sociology, and ethics! and (3) discussion of the benefits and challenges of developing and engaging in multidisciplinary networks for the strengthening of education, research, and practice relating to globalization. The "blind men and the elephant” metaphor was used to illustrate paradoxical perceptions and realities of globalization.

This paper discusses the pro-globalist and anti-globalist perspectives on the international impact of globalization. Globalization is defined as the process of integrating the world’s economy, technology, culture and governance. The two perspectives arise because the impact of globalization is conditioned by one’s particular circumstances. While globalization may be the route to world prosperity and wellbeing in the long-term, in the short-term it has created a number of problems. The conclusion reached is that multiple perspectives must be considered in devising policy that will allow everyone to benefit from globalization, now and into the future.

We examine the impact of NGOs on the development and enforcement of international agreements and codes of conduct addressing labor issues and environmental practices. We survey the rapid growth and impact of NGOs, and the history of NGO involvement in international codes and agreements. We provide a brief review of how the emergence of NGOs has influenced debates about globalization in general, and labor and environmental policies of multinational corporations in particular. We then develop a conceptual framework for understanding the increasing influence NGOs are having in developing and enforcing international codes of conduct.

Guanxi (literally interpersonal connections) in essence is a network of resource coalitions staked on shared resources for survival. The goal of this paper is to better enable Western business firms in China to identify the right guanxi partners. In this paper we examine the theoretical essentials of effective guanxi in China: What guanxi is necessary, and what guanxi is salient? These principles are described in terms several testable propositions that can guide future research, and the development of managerial thinking on this topic.

Issues management has migrated to a secondary position behind research in stakeholder management. Indeed, a great deal of stakeholder research does not recognize or address previous research in issues management. This analysis attempts to deal with this oversight and propose a new way of thinking about issues and stakeholders.

Corporations attempt to shape regulatory policies that govern their strategic activities, both internationally and domestically. These shaping activities are conducted by individual firms, networked firms and industries, and mediating organizations (i.e., national and international trade associations). Networks of individuals, public interest groups, and other NGO’s attempt to curtail and combat firms’ influences in policymaking arenas. This paper will explore the unfolding international battle between these networks of organizations, develop a framework and model to assess their political activities, and provide a basis for predicting the success or failure of these activities.

The focus of this symposium is to explore how international economic, political and social issues strategies can be coordinated by MNCs and what strengths/weaknesses would emerge from these integration efforts. We will look at existing alliances to see how they affect these strategic efforts. The first is the alliances that exist between and among corporations that engage in international trade and commerce. The second are those alliances of public interest groups that attempt to pressure (and/or combat) the first network of private corporations. The symposium will explore both forms of alliances and their dynamic interplay between in international political, strategic and regulatory arenas.

This paper examines the valuation tools available to measure the financial contribution that public affairs activities provide. The paper begins with a consideration of the state of quantification in public affairs. Next, theoretical frameworks for broad classes of valuation methodologies are presented and specific models applied by companies are examined, outlining their advantages and limitations. The paper concludes with recommendations for implementing quantitative financial measures and opportunities for future research.

This paper links the two preceding presentations in this symposium into a carefully crafted whole that will address what we know in terms of integrating theory and use in the international political, social, and regulatory arena. The paper will also address what “new” insights have been provided by the works in the symposium and propose a theoretical umbrella through which opposing strategic and political activity in inter-national arenas can be assessed and understood. The paper will conclude with suggestions for action by both practitioners and academicians to further our understanding of the use, development, and assessment of competitors in non-traditional contexts.

The focus of this analysis is on the relationship between issues management, reputation management, and stakeholders. There are clear lines of influence, interactions, and potential strategies and tactics to be used in issues with reputations, and in dealing with stakeholders with reputations that are addressed in this paper. Of some import is how stakeholders are represented.

Creating competitive advantage in the international arena is often dependent on how well firms coordinate their activities across national borders. In spite of the importance of this effort, researchers have not determined what conditions favor such alliances, what form these alliances might take, and what conditions favor different types of alliances. This paper will provide information on the alternative alliances available; explore the paradigms that address the optimal organization of technological innovation; and examine the different conditions that affect each of these networking mechanisms.