Displaying: 181-200 of 236 documents

0.111 sec

181. The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 6
María Luisa Pfeiffer La Misión del Filósofo
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Más que una pregunta sobre qué sea la filosofía o cuál sea su función, planteo la pregunta ¿cuál debe ser la actitud del filósofo? La requesta a esta pregunta nos premitirá descubrir el secreto y el centro de toda filosofía, sentido que como decía Geroult "construye en acuerdo consigo misma y en reacción contra sí misma." Toda filosofía es una lectura del sentido y la cosa misma sólo es el hogar virtual de sus formulaciones convergentes. El posmodernismo y su versión clásica el escepticismo, han puesto en duda desde siempre que la filosofía tenga una razón de ser, más aún, que tenga una misión; pero no sólo la filosofía "sospecha" de sí misma, la acompañan en ese camino las ciencias en general y la técnica. ¿Podemos seguir hablando de la verdad y lo verdadero sin titubear? La propuesta de este trabajo es que la filosofía busque en lo ambiguo "una nueva experiencia de nuestra condicion," en que el sentido no sea sólo el correlato de una operacion reflexiva sino que provenga del "cuerpo" como "nudo de significaciones vivas," fundante de lo que podríamos llamar "evidencias naturales."
182. The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 6
María Gabriela Rebok Reinterpretación Filosófica de la Paideia Trágica
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Philosophy as paideia is shown here as a resignification of tragedy as paideia in consonance with several contemporary thinkers. In this philosophical reading of tragedy, noted as the confirmation of an êthos starting from páthos, the experience of suffering is a privileged instance of learning which generates a peculiar wisdom — anagnórisis. Its appropriation gives occasion for a deep conversion that may take place as salvation. Moreover, the tragical paideía is — in the case of Antígone — an exemplary surpassing of violence towards justice, and the surpassing of justice in the paradigm of friendship and human solidarity. From Antígone, it is possible to throw light on the ethical life (Sittlichkeit), so as to see it as did Hegel. In it there is already a constellation of tensions provoked by the connected incidence of destiny and the action of human liberty. This constitutes the tragical conflict which shakes the home or family, the pólis, the phýsis and questions of justice and destiny, in order to recover them, perhaps, at a higher level of love and friendship. But above all, Antígone presents an alternative to paideía because she speaks and acts from alterity, from the brother or sister as the other absent, and so allows the other side to emerge, the other side imperfectly seen until now as an obscure, unconscious, underground — the other that one tends to forget and avoid — the excluded, the nothing as mystery of being, the kingdom of shadows that exalts the limits of light-figures, the female principle as the gravity-force of the male principle, femininity as 'irony of the community.'
183. The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 6
Silvia Rivera Ludwig Wittgenstein: Aspectos Pedagogicos de la Filosofia Terapeutica
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
A partir de la contraposición entre la filosofía dogmática o patológica y la filosofía positiva, entendida como práctica de estudio y crítica del lenguaje guiada por un objetivo terapéutico, es el propósito de este trabajo desplegar los aspectos pedagógicos contenidos en este último concepto, tal como se presenta en los último trabajos del filósofo austríaco, Ludwig Wittgenstein. Para esto se identifican primero, y se analizan después, los distintos terapéuticas, destinados, en un primer momento, a acompañer al discípulo-lector en la búsqueda de la salida del laberinto de significados en el que estamos cautivos; y en un segundo momento, a guiarlo en el proceso de modificación de la dirección de la mirada que permite establecer las conexiones entre los diferentes juegos de lenguaje y entre estos y las formas de vida que le corresponden, y que Wittgenstein denomina 'visión sinóptica.'
184. The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 8
Patricia Morey, Sandra Vi Sokolskis Una Aparente Violacion del Principio de No Contradiccion: El Caso de Los Azande Nuevas Perspectivas
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
The Principle of Non-Contradiction is one of the fundamental rules in the framework of rationality. As rational agents who avoid contradictions and logic, human beings follow this rule as a basic principle. The study of inconsistencies in natural, scientific and formal reasoning have threatened this view in the recent past, with the danger that relativism will lead to incommensurable, parochial and local knowledge. Evans-Pritchard's studies on magic, oracle and witchcraft among the Azande has prompted perennial discussion on the limits of the universality of classical logic. In this paper, we propose that with the aid of non-deductive logics — non-monotonic and logic of partial structures — it is possible to reformulate a rationality that more precisely describes natural reasoning.
185. The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 9
Miguel Angel Rossi El concepto de paz terrena en el pensamiento agustiniano
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Agustín comienza a reflexionar en el libro XIX de la Ciudad de Dios, acerca de la importancia de la paz, como uno de los mayores bienes no sólo de la vida eterna, sino también de la vida terrenal: ‘Porque es tan singular el bien de la paz, que aún en las cosas terrenas y mortales no sabemos oír cosa de mayor gusto, ni desear objeto más agradable, ni finalmente podemos hallar cosa major.’ Al respecto, nos parece pertinente señalar que, como constante del pensamiento agustiniano, sólo puede haber paz definitiva en la vida eterna, mientras que en la Civitas Terrena la paz la experimentamos, parafraseando al hiponense, como un bien incierto y dudoso. Tal afirmación cobra sentido sobre todo en perspectiva ontológica, en la medida en que el orden de lo creado, en el estado temporal, reviste el sello de la corruptibilidad. Sin embargo, es esencial destacar que ambas paces (celestial-terrenal), si bien son cualitativamente diferentes, no existe una intención por parte de Agustín de divorciarlas o desvincularlas. Por el contrario, creemos que pueden establecerse múltiples relaciones dialógicas entre ambas paces, que ponen como eje teórico decisivo la propia actitud y disposición de los hombres. Actitud que se objetiviza en la articulación medio-fin, en la medida que para los ciudadanos de la Civitas Dei, por lo menos la parte que peregrina en la tierra, la paz terrenal es medio para alcanzar la paz eterna; en cambio, para los ciudadanos de la Civitas Terrena, la paz terrena es un fin absoluto.
186. Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 1
Modesto Ortega Umpiérrez, Lucía Martínez El espacio de la infancia
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Fue Baudelaire quien advirtió que, en el juguete, podemos encontrar materia de reflexión. En un texto publicado en el Monde Littéraire del 17 de abril de 1853 con el título de “Moral del juguete”, cuenta la visita hecha siendo niño a casa de Mme. Panckoucke: Me tomó de la mano y cruzamos así juntos varias habitaciones; después abrió la puerta de una estancia que me ofreció un espectáculo extraordinario y verdaderamente fabuloso. Los muros no eran yavisibles hasta tal punto estaban recubiertos de juguetes. El desván desaparecía bajo una floritura de juguetes que colgaban como estalactitas maravillosas. El piso dejaba apenas un pequeño paso sobre el que posar los pies… Es a causa de esta aventura si no puedo detenerme delante de una tienda de juguetes y recorrer con la mirada la inextricable muchedumbre de sus formas extrañas y de sus colores dispares, sin pensar en la señora vestida de terciopelo y de pieles, que se me a apareció como el Hada del juguete.
187. Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 10
Cătălina Elena Dobre, Rafael García Pavón Abraham y la Ética del Silencio en el Pensamiento de Søren A. Kierkegaard
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
This paper presents an interpretation of the paradoxical decision of Abraham done by Søren A. Kierkegaard in his work Fear and Trembling as an ethics of silence. The main idea is to understand ethics not as moral standards or specific duties, but as the responsibility of becoming a single individual in time; singularity as the intimate and personal relationship with the calling of love. In such a way, that silence is the experience of the encounter with the paradox that being human means to be singular in conditions that claim an universal and general transparent manifestation dependent of the dominant rational discourse.Then, silence becomes the fundamental ethical claim to become a human person, as spirit in time, where it becomes a time of trial and examination, a temporality, where the trial is the fidelity to love’s calling, the listening of the possibilities that are presented by the anxiety of the decision. These possibilities are not immanent to the world or to history, they call for a personal choice, always containing a space of revelation; therefore of listening to the interiority of the personal choice that for Kierkegaard is the passion of faith, communicated and lived in silence. Concluding that an ethics of silence by the image of Abraham implies to re-think the role of philosophy in relationship to faith, hope and love in time, as a silent thought.
188. Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 11
Cristian Rojas, Marco Galetta Indigenous Rights in The Venezuelan Legislation
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
This paper is emphatically focused in the analysis on the indigenous problem such as it had been ruled by law in the different Venezuelan Constitutions since the foundation of the Republic in 1811. Our purpose does not go as far as to treat the ancestral indigenous problem in Venezuela because this would exceeds the limits of our study; although, we will do some references in relation to this question.
189. Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 14
Lázaro Pulido Repensar la Filosofía Medieval: San Buenaventura y el Pensamiento Romántico en el Siglo XXI, una Hipótesis de Trabajo Manuel
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
This paper presents a way of rethinking the current thought and the medieval philosophy, understanding that we can define the actual philosophy like neo-romanticism. The challenges of this thought can be approached from a reading of to medieval philosophy of St. Bonaventure. St. Francis of Assisi can appear as a romantic personage and the access to the philosophy is done bearing other texts in mind as the Leyenda Maior.
190. Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 15
Eduardo Bermudez Barrera El Babero Quine con la Navaja de Occam Afeitó la Barba de Platón
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
The ontological question goes way back to Plato. In his Teetetus he already searched for the answer to question of “how is it possible that when a man stares at something he would not see anything anyway”. Quine is the author of a doctrine on ontology, “On what there is”. His work follows the path of medieval authors such as William of Ockham, who proposed the methodology that came to be known as Okcham's razor. The excessive proliferation of entities is known as “Plato's beard”. Quine, among others, has shaved Plato's beard searching for logical and scientific simplicity.
191. Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 15
Ana Carrasco Conde Carácter Inteligible: Kant, Schelling y la Libertad Metafísica en el Freiheitsschrift
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
The Platonic myth in Book X of The Republic tells us how the choice of “destinies” is carried out by human souls about to be born. The revenant Er, in his particular nekia, returns to life to tell all he has seen and heard: that what life bring us is related to the good or bad choice of our future life trough a draw carried out under the eyes of Necessity and her three daughters: Lachesis, Clotho and Atropo, who weave the destiny of men (The Republic, Book X, 617e): Theintelligible character of this choice has the burden of a determinism ab origine without possibility of rewriting it, making our fate an inalterable journey. Kant could say the same in KrV, although it is true that the doctrine of the “intelligible character” only appears specifically in 1781, in the light of the Third Antinomies, in the“Dialectic” of the Critique of Pure Reason. Anyway, its long shadow appears in other texts (as in Religion Within Limits of Reason Alone of 1793)– that each one of voluntary acts of men: “it is predetermined, well before it occurs, in the empirical character of man” (KrV, A 553 / B 581) would suppose that this intelligiblecharacter would have to be understood together with the problem of freedom and decision. That threshold pointed out by Kant will be trespassed by Schelling, who will form a concept of freedom of a metaphysical character (libertas ex) which will send us to an origin, beyond all times, in which the de-cision, as ex-cision, restructures and sets in order our time. Cut or beginning, it is a wound without stitches which implies the proper opening of being into existence.
192. Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 16
Gustavo Sarmiento Acerca de las Doctrinas sobre las Fuerzas Atractivas de la Materia en el Siglo XVII: John Keill y la Influencia del Newtonianismo sobre Kant
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
In this paper we will refer to the doctrine of attractive forces proposed by the Newtonian author John Keill, and the influence it had on Kant. The “Epistola ad Cl. virum Gulielmum Cockburn, Medicinæ Doctorem. In qua Leges Attractionis aliaque Physices Principia traduntur,” published by Keill in 1708, proposes a doctrine of the attractive forces of matter that exerted a considerable influence on the first Newtonian authors and was criticized by Leibniz and his followers, including Christian Wolff. Keill’s views were assimilated by the young Kant in his pre-critical doctrine of the elements, or physical monads, to which he attributed attractive forces and—under the influence of Newton—repulsive forces acting at a distance. This meant to take some distance from wolffian orthodoxy. By examining Kant’s points of view, we will show that the work of Newton and his followers, in particular John Keill, is an important part of the background of his ideas about thefundamental forces of matter, ideas that passed to the critical period of his thought, where they reappeared in the Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft of 1786.
193. Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 16
Juan Carlos Moreno Romo Descartes: La fe Según la Razón Iluminada por la Fe
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
En contraste d’avec la pensée de Spinoza, pour qui la foi n’est qu’un phénomène extérieur et étrange, une notable exception à sa théorie du salut par le control des passions et l’amour intellectuelle à Dieu et par Dieu que l’homme de connaissance peut atteindre seulement grâce à la véritable philosophie, on analyse ici très brièvement la compréhension que de la foi nous proposent, en ayant l’expérience intérieure, surtout Descartes mais aussi Pascal. Pour le premier la foi relève de la volonté, à qui la grâce incline d’embrasser le message révélé à peu près comme la perception claire et distincte incline au jugement dans l’acte deconnaissance. Pour Pascal la foi et la connaissance sont de l’ordre, toutes deux, du coeur, qui comme on sait a des raisons que la raison ne connait pas.
194. Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 16
Ana Carrasco Conde Las Heridas del Espíritu: El Sentido del Mal en el Curso de la Historia en Hegel (1807) y Schelling (1809)
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
It is untrue that, as Hegel said in 1807 in the Phänomenologie, «the wounds of the spirit heal and leave no scar behind; what is done is not indelible, but is reassumed by the spirit» (GW 9, 360) since the ground of reality, that reality which, as indicated by Kant, seems to be submerged in evil (Ak. VI), refuses to be tamed by concepts. Disappearance without remnant, that dissolution (Verschwindung) mentioned by Hegel would suppose that there is no remnant of evil, thatits effects in history-such as the Jacobin terror with its macabre liturgy of severed heads referred to in the above passage of the Phänomenologieare nothing more than moments to be sublate (aufgehoben), part of a necessary process. There is no remnant to be explained. All is revealed: Offenbarung der Tiefe. The relationship between Hegel and Schelling has in this topic, the problem of evil and its meaning in history (Geschichte), one of its key points: in Schelling one can see a hollow which constitutes a pathway to the problem of finitude and evil, studied in depth in the Freiheitsschrift of 1809, partly as a response to the critics expressed by Hegel in the Phänomenologie. While Hegel reduced evil to an abstract negation, to be overcome through a determinated negation as a sign ofthe reason in history, in Schelling evil would remain a permanent possibility that can never be dissolved (verschwinden) or overcome (aufgehoben) any way.
195. Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 18
Víctor Gómez Pin Anthropological Weight and Physical Irreality of Euclidian Geometry
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Il est tout à fait possible de soutenir que l’espace de Newton manque d’objectivité physique (ce qui est un corollaire de la théorie einsténienne) et néanmoins prendre tout à fait au sérieux la thèse de l’espace euclidien comme condition de possibilité de l’expérience. Condition de possibilité de l’émergence d’un sujet qui configure son monde en remettant tout point de son environnement à une métrique. Cette métrique ne serait autre que celle qui donne sens à la géométrie que l’on a appris à l´école, c’est à dire, la métrique euclidienne. Tout en manquant de réalité physique, tout en n`étant pas fertile à l’heure de rendre compte de la forme de l’univers, la métrique euclidienne serait la seule modalité sous laquelle il y aurait pour l’homme une prise sur le monde. Qu’on l’appelle ou pas transcendantale, la reconnaissance de la métrique euclidienne comme condition de possibilité de l’expérience nous rapprocherait de Kant sans pour autant répudier Einstein ou Poincaré.
196. Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 18
Fidel Gutiérrez Vivanco La Identidad, la Diferencia y la Integración de la Humanidad
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
The problem of identities and cultural differences constitute one of the global problems of our time. Identity and the differences in human beings are expressed in each individual, in each society and in humanity itself as a species. The differences of individual identities are solved by the integration of the latter inside society. The differences of the social or cultural identities are solved by humanity's integration. Is humanity's integration possible? If it was possible, what are the ontologic foundations for such an integration?, why is humanity integration necessary? To understand the problem of the integration and confront mans imminent self-destruction as species becomes necessary not only to return to the study of nature and the essence human beings but, also of other entities of the universe.
197. Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 20
Modesto Ortega Umpiérrez, Lucía Martínez Quintana Por una antropología de la arquitectura
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Una gran parte de las arquitecturas de la posmodernidad, se presenta como expresiones indecisas y de nomenclatura ambigua. El ejercicio que realizan estos arquitectos, a través de sus edificaciones, refleja con nitidez el cambio provocado por el auge del sector informático y la expansión de la economía global, dos fenómenos entrelazados de manera inextricable, han contribuido a generar una nueva geografía de la centralidad y la marginalidad (Sassen), por eso, el proyecto que reflejan los dibujos de estas arquitecturas, puede ser alterado en su imagen mediante toda suerte de yuxtaposiciones, analogías, contrastes, adulteraciones formales y distorsiones espaciales, porque todo es intercambiable en la nueva realidad espacio-temporal de la telemática; materiales,texturas y formas aleatorias, la imagen pública tiende a excluir el espacio público.
198. Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 20
Modesto Ortega Umpiérrez, Lucía Martínez Quintana Por una antropología de la arquitectura (Duplicate)
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
Una gran parte de las arquitecturas de la posmodernidad, se presenta como expresiones indecisas y de nomenclatura ambigua. El ejercicio que realizan estos arquitectos, a través de sus edificaciones, refleja con nitidez el cambio provocado por el auge del sector informático y la expansión de la economía global, dos fenómenos entrelazados de manera inextricable, han contribuido a generar una nueva geografía de la centralidad y la marginalidad (Sassen), por eso, el proyecto que reflejan los dibujos de estas arquitecturas, puede ser alterado en su imagen mediante toda suerte de yuxtaposiciones, analogías, contrastes, adulteraciones formales y distorsiones espaciales, porque todo es intercambiable en la nueva realidad espacio‐temporal de la telemática; materiales,texturas y formas aleatorias, la imagen pública tiende a excluir el espacio público.
199. Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 21
Jesus Adrian Heidegger y el Giro Hermenéutico de la Fenomenología
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
The present paper outlines the main points of Heidegger’s philosophical program starting from his early lectures of Freiburg. This program is founded in two fundamental questions. On the one hand, a thematic question: the phenomenon of life and its different forms of manifestation and apprehension. On the other hand, an eminently methodological question, namely the question of how it is possible to access in a correct manner to the primary sphere of life. This last issue conducts the young Heidegger to a first and deep questioning of Husserl’s reflexive phenomenology that ends up in his hermeneutic turn of phenomenology.
200. Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy: Volume > 21
Juan Manuel Navarro Ontología, Hermenéutica Ironista y Comunidad
abstract | view |  rights & permissions
The metaphysical-epistemological paradigm has ceased to be of actuality in contemporary culture. This does not mean that its falsity has been shown. Such an affirmation would imply that there is something like the truth, from which now, finally, the inanity of this paradigm can be claimed. The Rortian hermeneutics,with his pragmatic-ironic character, cannot justify this consideration. Taking into account Rorty’s criticism to ‘Platon-Kant canon’, and after analysing the Rortian ironic canon, and focusing on Rorty’s pan-relationism theory, I will discuss in this contribution whether there are or not some ontological suppositions in Rortianhermeneutics. I will situate in the middle of this debate the contingency and freedom categories with the background of Gadamer’s hermeneutical ontology. The projection of this theoretical debate on the political space of contemporary advanced democracies will show the practical-political importance of hermenutics.