This review essay will be inter-disciplinary and international. It will use theories from international politics, drawn from case studies from Lebanon and Algeria, to understand the sociological and anthropological tension experienced between some minority Muslim groups and the state in Europe and the United States. It will start with Benjamin MacQueen’s analysis of the theory of political culture and conflict resolution and adapt it to understand the situation of the Nation of Islam (Herbert Berg) and the Nuwaubian Nation (Susan Palmer) in the United States, and that of the Muslim Brothers in Europe (Brigitte Maréchal).