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1. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 10 > Issue: 1
Luciano Boi Conception “dynamique” en géométrie, idéalisation et rôle de l’intuition
2. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 10 > Issue: 2
Philippe Besnard Systèmes d’inférence non monotone
3. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 12 > Issue: 2
Jean-Pascal Alcantara La théorie leibnizienne du changement en 1676: une interpretation du dialogue Pacidius Philalethi a la lumière de la Caractéristique géométrique (Leibniz's Theory of Variation in 1676: an Interpretation of the Dialogue Pacidius Philalethi through the Characteristica geometrica)
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Cherchant à refonder l’édifice euclidien, Leibniz a formulé une Caractéristique géométrique qui annonce les concepts géneraux de la théorie des ensembles. Dans ce cadre, il a pu en particulier formaliser sa conception du continu. L’intérêt du Pacidius Philalethi (1676) est de montrer qu’en choisissant la conception intensionnelle du continu -position qu’il ne dementira jamais- il sélectionne parmi les images duales celle dont se déduit le changement qualitatif, base d’une philosophie naturelle qui soutiendra encore la dynamique ultérieure. Une tâche se dessine maintenant, soit déduire la nécessité d’un mouvement universei et infiniment varié à partir de ses conditions topologiques.We know that Leibniz intended to bring new foundations to the euclidean geometry and he has according to this view formulate a Characteristica geometrica which announces few general concepts of set theory. Parlicularly he tried to formalise his conception of continuity. Before the main interest of the Pacidius Philalethi (1676) is here: showing us that Leibniz when he chooses an intensional conception of continuity he chooses in the same time the dual image from which be can deduce the qualitative variation. We reckon again these conception at the grounds of his later philosophy of nature. But now we have to follow Leibniz demostrating how universal and infinite variations flow from its topological conditions.
4. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 13 > Issue: 2
Newton C.A. Da Costa, Jean-Yves Béziau Définition, Théorie des Objets et Paraconsistance (Definition, Objects’ Theory and Paraconsistance)
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Trois sortes de définitions sont présentées et discutées: les définitions nominales, les définitions contextuelles et les définitions amplificatrices. On insiste sur le fait que I’elimination des definitions n’est pas forcement un procede automatique en particulier dans le cas de la logique paraconsistante. Finalement on s’int’resse à la théorie des objets de Meinong et l’on montre comment elle peut êrre considéréecomme une théorie des descripteurs.Three kinds of definitions are presented and discussed: nominal definitions, contextual definitions, amplifying definitions. It is emphasized that the elimination of definitions is not necessarily straightforward in particular in the case of paraconsistent logic. Finally we have a look at Meinong’s theory objects and we show how it can be considered as a theory of descriptors.
5. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 1 > Issue: 1
James Gasser Colloque Lesniewski
6. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 1 > Issue: 1
Georges Kalinowski Sur le fondement des normes et des énoncés normatifs: á propos des idées de von Wright et de Castañeda
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A dix ans d’intervalle deux déontciens de premier plan, G.H. von Wright et H.N. Castañeda, ont abordé -indépendamment l’un de l’autre- le probleme du fondement des normes et des énoncés normatifs. Leurs solutions respectives méritent d’être attentivement examinées. Ne prêtent-elles pas a discussion? Pour qu’une norme juridique soit fondée, suffit-il qu’elle soit édictée par un législateur compétent conformément a la procédure législative en vigueur? Un énoncé nornlatif est-il fondé du moment que l’ordre en faisant partie est légitimé au sens conféré a ce terme par l’auteur de Thinking and doing? Et tout d’abord peut-on admettre que les ordres fassent partie des énoncés nomlatifs? L’article qui suit essaie de répondre à ces questions et aux questions connexes.
7. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 1 > Issue: 3
Jean-Blaise Grize Preuves et raisons
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In this paper everyday reasoning is examined fromm the standpoint of natural logic. In natural logic there is the supposition of the concept of schematisation, i.e. the discursive representation of a situation that a speaker A constructs for a listener B and that B must reconstruct for himself.Under these circumstances, in order to prove that a statement s is true A must present it in such a way that B does not call it into question, that he considers it a fact. For this it is necessary to have proofs. Moreover, a fact is never isolated and it may therefore appear inconsistent with other facts. A is thus led to provide reasons in order to substantiate his statements.Some mechanisms of proofs and of reasons are investigated.
8. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 1 > Issue: 3
Colloque international “L’ambiguïté et la paraphrase”
9. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 1 > Issue: 3
Miguel Sánchez-Mazas Le programme “Ars judicandi”
10. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 1 > Issue: 3
Alicia Sánchez-Mazas Mathematical Genetics Meeting
11. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 2 > Issue: 1
Gérold Stahl Á la recherche d’une grammaire universelle
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Since antiquity many philosophers and grammarians were looking for what is “behind” the particular grammars, for something like “the unchangeable principles common to all languages”. Even limitingourselves to the most concrete aspects of such a general grammar, we may ask whether there is something realizable among the risky hipotheses and the vague projects.In this paper we do not try to discover something more or less hidden in the particular grammars, but to show, in a very general way, some directions for constructing, eventually, an universal grammar. Four approaches are mentioned:(1) artificial universal languages like Esperanto,(2) systems of automatic analysis of a language,(3) programming languages,(4) the first-order systems of logic.It is shown how those approaches (and the experiences acquired in working with them might be combined; but wether this combination produces interesting results and brings us nearer to an universal and rational grammar of our computerized epoch is an open question, which can be answered only by practical experience.
12. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 2 > Issue: 1
Colloque sur la réferénce. Points de vue linguistique et logique
13. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 2 > Issue: 2/3
Denis Miéville Axiomes et définitions chez Leśniewski: Une manière génétique de développer les systèmes formels
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The logical theories of Stanislaw Leśniewski differ profoundly form classical formal systems. Unlike the latter, they do not have an entirely predetermined vocabulary. Nor do they have a determined list of functors of syntactical-semantical categories. Due to formalized directives for definitions, the logics of Leśniewski are constructed progressively, making new theses and consequently functors of new syntactical-semantical categories accesible. In this article we present the genetic aspect associated with these theses-definitions. We also show that the property of creativity makes it possible to bridge some of the fundamental gaps in contemporary classical logics.
14. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 2 > Issue: 2/3
V. Internationaler Leibniz-Kongress: “Leibniz, Tradition und Aktualität” (Hannover, 14-19 Noviembre 1988)
15. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 2 > Issue: 2/3
François Paychére Troisième Congrès de I’Association Internationale d’Informatique Juridique (Messina, 11-14 Maya 1987)
16. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 2 > Issue: 2/3
Colloque international de I’Association pour la Recherche Cognitive: “Cognition et Connaissance: Où va la science cognitive?”. (Toulouse, 9-11 Marzo 1988)
17. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 3 > Issue: 1/2/3
François Paychere Sémiotique et Droit: Exercice de lecture
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Language and judicial activities are both signs of the existence of a society. There is, therefore, good reason for a dialogue between the science of language and the science of law. This article applies a linguistic theory of the Paris School (semiotics) to the examination of a legal text, namely a contract. The author points to some eIements shared by legal and other texts, and demonstrates how a semiotic interpretation can provide interesting and unexpected insights into the deeper levels of a legal text. He concludes that a similar approach could fruitfully be used with other types of legal text.
18. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 3 > Issue: 1/2/3
Hélène Bauer-Bernit Droit, langues et représentation des connaissances
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The connection between law, language and knowledge representation is evoked in its theoretical framework, in the light of recent developments in linguistics, philosophy, theory of law and congnitivescience on wich artificial intelligence is based. The conditions and limitations of the modelisation of law are examined. Conclusions are draw concerning the feasibility; usefulness and limitations of “trans-frontier” expert-systems.
19. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 3 > Issue: 1/2/3
Georges Kalinowski Sur l’analogie entre le déontique et l’aléthique: Logique des normes, logique déontique et leur analogie avec la logique modale alethique
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Since Leibniz, the logic of norms is founded on the analogy between the deontic and the alethic. Nevertheless, von Wright, creator of the deontic logic -firstly logic of norms, afterwards logic of normative statements-, holds this analogy responsible for the misadventures of the deontic logic. Now it is not responsible, but only limited so that the miscarriages in question are imputable solely to the overstepping of its limits.
20. Theoria: An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science: Volume > 4 > Issue: 1
2e Ecole d’Eté de l’Association pour la Recherche Cognitive (Château de Bonas, Francia, 2-12 de Julio de 1989