This paper examines the Slack Resource Mechanism (SRM) in the Corporate Responsibility (CR) literature, proposing that when a firm has enough slacks, it is more likely to engage in CR activities, which eventually improve its financial performance. In order to assess whether or not, and in which contexts SRM really works, this paper reviews two research issues in SRM. Based on literature review, we empirically test two proposed hypotheses with a large-scale longitudinal dataset from 1997 to 2012. We find that firms become involved in CR activities for external stakeholders when they have enough slack resources, and that the slack-induced CR engagements are not favored by the stock market. Based on our research findings, we assure that SRM may need to be reconsidered and further developed.

This paper examines the incremental value added to sustainability reporting by changes in disclosure requirements of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) G4 guidelines in the Metals and Mining industry. Three companies’ most recent G4 sustainability reports are critically compared to their previous G3 reports, and the some results of content analysis are reported.

Using the lens of neo-localism and sustainable livelihoods, this paper considers the process and outcomes achieved through networks of locally-based entrepreneurs. Guided by a grounded theory approach, interviews with several entrepreneurs in the Sustainable Business Network of Philadelphia were conducted. Based on these findings, we were able to identify eight strategies that provided benefits to the firms and the broader network. These strategies further enhanced in the livelihood assets of the community, including human, social, financial, natural, and physical capital.

This paper explores how policy-practice decoupling affects organizational insiders, synthesizing literatures on decoupling, organizational identity, behavioral integrity, and organizational cynicism to derive a theoretical model illustrating the effects of organization-level structural choices on individual perceptions and actions.

The relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and society is at a crossroads. In particular, multinational enterprises (MNEs) must operate in multiple host environments while maintaining a social license to operate, and increasingly adopt CSR strategy relevant to stakeholders in these environments. This study examines MNE employee perceptions of CSR from one multinational in Indonesia and Australia, and determines their identification with and engagement in the organization’s CSR Social Initiatives (SIs). The results reveal perceived CSR has a significant effect on identification with SIs for Indonesian employees but not for Australian employees. Second, the importance of CSR has an effect on employee’s identification with SIs (SI-I) and SI-I has a significant effect on engagement with SIs in both countries. This suggests that MNEs need to educate employees generally in developed and developing countries on the importance that companies practice CSR. However for developing countries like Indonesia, managers may need to focus more on employee perceptions of the organization’s perceived CSR, as this affects SI-I and subsequent engagement. These findings provide a unique contribution toward combining business and society under the umbrella of one MNE in two different countries.

Whereas ‘strategic’ Corporate Social Responsibility (henceforth, CSR) scholars (e.g.: Husted & Allen, 2006, 2007; McWilliams, Siegel, & Wright, 2006; McWilliams & Siegel, 2000) have studied CSR as a competitiveness and/or differentiation tool (Panwar, Nybakk, Hansen, & Pinkse, 2016) -this is, a competitive strategy’s outcome-, CSR has remained ‘out of the loop’ of the broader corporate strategy choice discussion and, in specific, unexplored as an antecedent of firm’s scope. Granted that firms formulate different governance strategies to effectively implement corporate objectives (Harrigan, 1985), my ongoing investigation focuses on how CSR may come to play into decisions pertaining to vertical scope, that is, how firms organize internal or external supplier-buyer relationships along their value chains (Jacobides & Billinger, 2006). The need for this research stems from the fact that in a context of global dispersion of production, normative pressure concerning the need for environmental protection and growing demands to redress social concerns compel firms to reconsider their vertical relationships.

Privacy has played substantial roles in culture and commerce for centuries, but its political and economic impacts have intensified as utilizations of information technologies have expanded. Businesses should consider whether their increasing investments in data collection and analysis are indeed worth their costs in erosion of trust between themselves and their customers (and other stakeholders). This paper examines specific kinds of data, including from geospatial systems and “Internet of Things” applications. It also discusses potential expansion of US privacy discourse from the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution to the Third (which may be interpreted to involve limits on residential “quartering” of intelligent computer agents as well as human soldiers). Businesses may find that privacy-related products and services can provide strategic advantages as privacy concerns intensify. However, opportunistic business exploitations of privacy fears without provision of effective solutions may backfire as households share experiences via word-of-mouth and social media crowdsourcing.

This paper develops a theoretical framework to explain how B-Corps certification is used by organizations to gain legitimacy in their industry and among diverse stakeholders. We explore two research propositions using data from pilot cases. The paper introduces our preliminary findings, outlines a revision of the study based on these findings, and discusses contributions for the research.

In this paper, we argue and test the hypothesis that real progress towards greater sustainability in our society will occur only when individuals adopt a new language for business, use holistic thinking, and develop a robust set of economic, social and environmental measures performance.

This research project proposes to apply Social Identity theory and Porter’s Hypothesis in studying the success of the municipality of Curitiba, Brazil in creating a culture of commitment to sustainability practices among its residents. These theories are reviewed here, along with the social media strategies and innovations developed by Curitiba. We plan to gather survey data from university students and young adult residents in the city about their recycling practices, and their awareness and engagement with the city’s social media campaigns. This study will potentially extend the application of social identity theory in the context of commitment to sustainability. It will also contribute to the debate about whether the constraints of sustainability necessarily impose a cost, or whether they can be exploited as an opportunity.

This conceptual paper maps the process of identification between Corporate Responsibility Coalitions (CRCs) and their member companies. CRCs are business-led, membership-based groups created to advance sustainable business practices. We draw from social identity theory and the group identity literature to develop a theoretical model of identification between CRCs and member companies. We propose that membership in CRCs can reduce uncertainty about the implementation of sustainability practices as well as increase competitive advantage for organizations. The theoretical model developed in this article shows a four-stage process of identification between member companies and CRCs that includes: (1) membership, (2) socialization, (3) identification, and (4) changes in behavior. This study contributes to advancement of knowledge on the impact of CRCs as well as the literature on organizational identity and group identification by studying this process among groups of organizations.

This workshop reflected on the current state of the Business and Society field and explored viable future directions for research in its related disciplines. The premise was that the field has reached a crossroads in its development, in accordance with the conference theme. To move forward, academic stakeholders should reassess the field’s identity and purpose to continue contributing meaningful work. The field could reframe itself as “Business in Society” to reflect the fact that organizations operate within a social and ecological context. The role of business in society can be thought of differently by examining the memes or core cultural artifacts that shape individuals’ beliefs and relevant narratives about what is expected of business. Through the reframing of the field’s institutional logics, recognizing and revisiting the normative roots of the field, as well, the questions that scholars ask can be revised to adapt to the modern world.

The Millennials, people born between 1980 and 2000, are often treated as a homogenous generation. While some prior research on generations posits that there are a number of consistencies across a generation, such as the Millennials, others argue that differences may emerge and distinguish individuals within a generation. Based on prior business ethics literature, this research dissects the Millennial’s personal value orientations (PVO) to explore if demographic differences, such as gender, amount of work experience, business discipline, and intelligence reveal variations in the ethical profile manifested by Millennials. The results from this research show that there are indeed numerous and significant statistical differences within the Millennials’ PVO dataset. Variations are found when exploring nearly every demographic variable considered. Implications of these findings are discussed.

In an era of instant mass communication and pervasive social media, the ability of an organization to respond and recover quickly from sudden shocks and crises is extremely important to maintain organizational stability, public trust, and social license to operate. However, not all shocks affect firms in the same way and firms do not respond equally well to the same or similar shocks. One factor, organizational resilience, may explain why some firms are able to quickly recover after a shock and other firms recover slowly, partially, or never. Using case studies from the global automobile industry, we propose a conceptual model and several factors that may influence an organization’s resilience and ability to recover and succeed.